University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2009 Dec;157(12):3370-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.024. Epub 2009 Jul 19.
The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated for hydrology conditions in an agricultural watershed of Orestimba Creek, California, and applied to simulate fate and transport of two organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The model showed capability in evaluating pesticide fate and transport processes in agricultural fields and instream network. Management-oriented sensitivity analysis was conducted by applied stochastic SWAT simulations for pesticide distribution. Results of sensitivity analysis identified the governing processes in pesticide outputs as surface runoff, soil erosion, and sedimentation in the study area. By incorporating sensitive parameters in pesticide transport simulation, effects of structural best management practices (BMPs) in improving surface water quality were demonstrated by SWAT modeling. This study also recommends conservation practices designed to reduce field yield and in-stream transport capacity of sediment, such as filter strip, grassed waterway, crop residue management, and tailwater pond to be implemented in the Orestimba Creek watershed.
土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 针对加利福尼亚州奥雷斯蒂姆巴溪农业流域的水文条件进行了校准，并应用于模拟两种有机磷农药氯吡硫磷和二嗪农的归宿和迁移。该模型显示了在评估农业领域和溪流网络中农药归宿和迁移过程的能力。通过应用随机 SWAT 模拟进行农药分布的管理导向敏感性分析。敏感性分析的结果确定了研究区域中农药输出的控制过程为地表径流、土壤侵蚀和沉积。通过在农药运输模拟中纳入敏感参数，SWAT 建模证明了结构最佳管理实践 (BMP) 对改善地表水质量的影响。本研究还建议实施旨在减少流域内田间产量和沉积物溪流输运能力的保护措施，例如过滤带、草水路、作物残体管理和尾水池。
