Corn Joseph L, Cumbee James C, Barfoot Rendall, Erickson Gene A
Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2009 Jul;45(3):713-21. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-45.3.713.
Surveys for evidence of exposure to pseudorabies virus (PRV), Brucella suis, swine influenza virus (SIV; human-like H1N1, reassortant type H1N1, H1N2-like H1N1 and H3N2), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV 2), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) in feral swine (Sus scrofa) were conducted in areas where feral swine were geographically associated with high densities of transitional swine premises in South Carolina and high densities of commercial swine production in North Carolina. In South Carolina, 10/50 (20.0%), 7/50 (14.0%), and 29/49 (59.2%) feral swine tested antibody positive for PRV, B. suis, and PCV-2, respectively. Antibodies to PRRSV (0/49) and SIV (0/49) were not detected. In North Carolina, antibodies to PRV and B. suis were not detected in serum samples from 120 feral swine; however, antibodies to PRRSV (1/120 [0.8%]), PCV-2 (86/120 [71.7%]; these included 80 positives plus six suspects), and SIV (108/119 [90.7%]) were present. The presence of PRV and B. suis in South Carolina may have been due to the introduction of infected feral swine into the area or to a previous association of feral swine with infected transitional swine. Their absence in the North Carolina populations may have been due to the absence of these disease agents in the feral swine originally introduced into the area and the lack of a potential for contact with infected commercial swine. Feral swine associated with commercial swine in North Carolina may have been exposed to SIV subtypes circulating in commercial swine via airborne spread of SIV from commercial swine facilities. Feral swine seropositive for PCV-2 were prevalent in both states, which may indicate efficient transmission from commercial swine and transitional swine, or that PCV-2 is widespread in feral swine. The low prevalence of animals with antibodies against PRRSV may indicate a less-than-efficient means of transmission from commercial to feral swine. Additional epidemiologic studies are needed to understand the risks and mechanisms of transmission of disease agents among commercial, transitional, and feral swine, and the role of feral swine as reservoirs of these disease agents.
在南卡罗来纳州，野猪（Sus scrofa）与高密度的过渡性猪场地理相关，在北卡罗来纳州，野猪与高密度的商业性养猪场地理相关，对这些地区的野猪进行了调查，以寻找感染伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪布鲁氏菌、猪流感病毒（SIV；类似人类的H1N1、重组型H1N1、类似H1N2的H1N1和H3N2）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV 2）和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的证据。在南卡罗来纳州，分别有10/50（20.0%）、7/50（14.0%）和29/49（59.2%）的野猪PRV、猪布鲁氏菌和PCV-2抗体检测呈阳性。未检测到PRRSV（0/49）和SIV（0/49）抗体。在北卡罗来纳州，120头野猪的血清样本中未检测到PRV和猪布鲁氏菌抗体；然而，存在PRRSV抗体（1/120 [0.8%]）、PCV-2抗体（86/120 [71.7%]；其中包括80个阳性样本和6个疑似样本）以及SIV抗体（108/119 [90.7%]）。南卡罗来纳州存在PRV和猪布鲁氏菌可能是由于感染的野猪被引入该地区，或者是由于野猪先前与感染的过渡性猪有过接触。在北卡罗来纳州的野猪种群中未检测到它们，可能是由于最初引入该地区的野猪中不存在这些病原体，并且缺乏与感染的商业性猪接触的可能性。在北卡罗来纳州，与商业性猪相关的野猪可能通过商业性猪设施中SIV的空气传播接触到了在商业性猪中传播的SIV亚型。两个州中PCV-2血清阳性的野猪都很普遍，这可能表明从商业性猪和过渡性猪有效传播，或者PCV-2在野猪中广泛存在。抗PRRSV抗体的动物患病率较低，这可能表明从商业性猪到野猪的传播方式效率较低。需要进行更多的流行病学研究，以了解病原体在商业性猪、过渡性猪和野猪之间传播的风险和机制，以及野猪作为这些病原体宿主的作用。
