Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
J Anim Sci. 2009 Nov;87(11):3607-19. doi: 10.2527/jas.2008-1697. Epub 2009 Jul 17.
Four experiments were conducted to determine the nutritional value of flaxseed meal [FSM; 133 g of ether extract (EE) and 343 g of CP/kg of DM] for swine. In Exp. 1, apparent fecal digestibility (AD) of DM and EE, and the DE and NE contents were determined in growing pigs (n = 32; initial BW, 70 +/- 3 kg) and gestating sows (n = 24; parities, 2 to 4). Diets contained 0, 100, 200, or 300 g of FSM/kg at the expense of wheat, barley, and soybean meal. Fecal samples were collected for 3 d after a 9-d adaptation. The AD for DM and EE were 72.0 +/- 0.4% and 67.4 +/- 4.7%, respectively, for growing pigs and 68.0 +/- 0.5% and 48.9 +/- 1.9% for sows. The DE content was 3.51 and 3.54 Mcal/kg for growing pigs and gestating sows, and NE was estimated to be 2.43 and 2.44 Mcal/kg for growing pigs and sows, respectively. Five ileally cannulated barrows (initial BW, 38 +/- 3 kg) were fed semi-synthetic diets containing 400 g of FSM/kg for a 7-d period (4-d adaptation and 3-d collection) then 7 d of N-free diet to determine basal endogenous N losses in Exp. 2. Standardized ileal digestible AA contents were 29.6 +/- 1.0, 5.7 +/- 0.3, 12.1 +/- 0.8, 16.8 +/- 1.0, 10.3 +/- 0.4, 5.3 +/- 0.3, 14.0 +/- 0.7, 9.4 +/- 0.5, 2.9 +/- 0.2, and 13.8 +/- 0.8 g/kg of dry FSM for Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, and Val, respectively. In Exp. 3, the AD of P and the effects of phytase inclusion on P availability were determined. Five groups of 8 barrows (initial BW, 45 +/- 4 kg) were fed a 300 g of FSM/kg semi-synthetic diet with increasing concentrations of exogenous phytase [0, 575, 1,185, 2,400 and 2,570 phytase units (FTU)/kg]. The AD of P increased from 21 to 61% (P < 0.001). Broken-line analysis estimated the optimal phytase inclusion rate to be 1,415 FTU/kg of diet. Growth performance and carcass fatty acid (FA) profiles of pigs fed FSM were determined in Exp. 4. Two hundred pigs (100 barrows and 100 gilts; initial BW, 32 +/- 4 kg), blocked by sex, were housed in groups of 5 pigs per pen and fed 1 of 4 diets containing 0, 50, 100, or 150 g of FSM/kg. Six market pigs per diet were selected for carcass FA analysis. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were not affected by dietary FSM (P > 0.05). Increasing FSM in the diet from 0 to 150 g of FSM/kg increased the alpha-linolenic acid content from 11.1 +/- 0.2 to 47.4 +/- 1.2 mg/g of backfat (P < 0.001) and from 5.0 +/- 0.1 to 10.1 +/- 0.6 mg/g of loin tissue (P < 0.001). Flaxseed meal despite its deficiency in lysine can be included up to 150 g/kg of diets for swine and will contribute to the enrichment of the carcass with n-3 fatty acids.
进行了四项实验，以确定亚麻籽粉[FSM；每公斤乙醚提取物（EE）133 克，每公斤 CP 343 克]对猪的营养价值。在实验 1 中，测定了生长猪（n=32；初始体重 70±3kg）和妊娠母猪（n=24；产次 2 至 4）的 DM 和 EE 的表观粪便消化率（AD），以及 DE 和 NE 含量。日粮中以小麦、大麦和豆粕为代价含有 0、100、200 或 300g 的 FSM/kg。在适应期 9 天后收集粪便样品 3 天。生长猪的 DM 和 EE 的 AD 分别为 72.0±0.4%和 67.4±4.7%，母猪的 AD 分别为 68.0±0.5%和 48.9±1.9%。生长猪和妊娠母猪的 DE 含量分别为 3.51 和 3.54 Mcal/kg，NE 估计分别为 2.43 和 2.44 Mcal/kg。5 头回肠结扎的公猪（初始体重 38±3kg）饲喂含有 400g FSM/kg 的半合成日粮 7 天（4 天适应和 3 天收集），然后饲喂 7 天无氮日粮，以确定实验 2 中基础内源性氮损失。标准化回肠可消化 AA 含量分别为 29.6±1.0、5.7±0.3、12.1±0.8、16.8±1.0、10.3±0.4、5.3±0.3、14.0±0.7、9.4±0.5、2.9±0.2 和 13.8±0.8g/kg 的干 FSM，分别为 Arg、His、Ile、Leu、Lys、Met、Phe、Thr、Trp 和 Val。在实验 3 中，测定了 P 的 AD 以及植酸酶添加对 P 有效性的影响。5 组 8 头公猪（初始体重 45±4kg）饲喂含有 300g FSM/kg 的半合成日粮，添加不同浓度的外源植酸酶[0、575、1185、2400 和 2570 植酸酶单位（FTU）/kg]。P 的 AD 从 21%增加到 61%（P<0.001）。折线分析估计最佳植酸酶添加率为 1415FTU/kg 日粮。实验 4 测定了饲喂 FSM 的猪的生长性能和胴体脂肪酸（FA）谱。200 头猪（100 头公猪和 100 头母猪；初始体重 32±4kg）按性别分组，每组 5 头猪饲养在一个猪舍中，饲喂 4 种日粮中的 1 种，日粮中分别含有 0、50、100 或 150g FSM/kg。每种日粮选择 6 头市场猪进行胴体 FA 分析。日粮中 FSM 的 ADG、ADFI 和 G:F 不受影响（P>0.05）。日粮中 FSM 从 0 增加到 150g/kg，背脂中的 alpha-亚麻酸含量从 11.1±0.2 增加到 47.4±1.2mg/g（P<0.001），从 5.0±0.1 增加到 10.1±0.6mg/g 腰肉组织（P<0.001）。尽管亚麻籽粉缺乏赖氨酸，但可以在猪日粮中添加高达 150g/kg，这将有助于胴体中 n-3 脂肪酸的富集。
