Ahonen Jarmo
Finnish National Ballet Company, Finnish National Opera Ballet School, Helsinki, Finland.
J Dance Med Sci. 2008;12(3):99-108.
In any form of dance, great strain is placed on the lower extremity and the strong but sensitive foot. A large percentage of injuries to dancers involve the foot and ankle. Understanding the structure, biomechanics, and physics of the lower extremity helps to diagnose and evaluate the mechanics behind these injuries. The lower extremity function is complicated and needs to be studied carefully to understand its laws and principles. What often happens when injury occurs is that the dancer is not satisfying the natural requirements of movement through the joints. For example, her relevé is causing sickling and unstable foot positions because the forefoot is not strong enough and the leg external rotation and hip joint muscular support are not simultaneous with the heel raise. In the opposite direction, when the dancer is executing plié, the outcome of poor control of a weakened foot is strain on the passive supporting structures, such as the plantar ligaments, joint capsules, and plantar fascia. This leads to faulty bone alignment, increased bone load, and risk of overuse syndromes in various tissues.
在任何舞蹈形式中，下肢以及强壮却敏感的足部都会承受巨大压力。舞者受伤情况中很大一部分涉及足部和脚踝。了解下肢的结构、生物力学和物理学知识有助于诊断和评估这些损伤背后的力学原理。下肢功能复杂，需要仔细研究以理解其规律和原则。受伤时常见的情况是，舞者的动作没有满足关节运动的自然要求。例如，她踮起脚尖时会导致足部扭曲和不稳定，因为前脚掌不够强壮，腿部外旋和髋关节肌肉支撑与脚跟抬起不同步。相反，当舞者进行蹲姿时，足部力量减弱导致控制不佳的结果是，诸如足底韧带、关节囊和足底筋膜等被动支撑结构承受压力。这会导致骨骼排列错误、骨负荷增加以及各种组织出现过度使用综合征的风险。
