Fuchs W, Römer-Oberdörfer A, Veits J, Mettenleiter T C
Institute of Molecular Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
Rev Sci Tech. 2009 Apr;28(1):319-32. doi: 10.20506/rst.28.1.1862.
Current vaccines against avian influenza (AI) virus infections are primarily based on classical inactivated whole-virus preparations. Although administration of these vaccines can protect poultry from clinical disease, sterile immunity is not achieved under field conditions, allowing for undetected virus spread and evolution under immune cover. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a robust and reliable system of differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Moreover, current AI vaccines must be administered individually, requiring the handling of excessively large numbers of animals, which makes it difficult to obtain high vaccine coverage. Consequently, AI vaccines conferring solid immunity that could be used for mass application would be advantageous. Several approaches are being pursued to improve existing vaccines and develop novel vaccines, all of which will be covered in this overview.
当前针对禽流感（AI）病毒感染的疫苗主要基于经典的灭活全病毒制剂。尽管接种这些疫苗可以保护家禽免受临床疾病的侵害，但在实际生产条件下无法实现无菌免疫，这使得病毒在免疫保护下得以 undetected 传播和进化。因此，迫切需要一个强大且可靠的系统来区分感染动物和接种疫苗的动物。此外，目前的禽流感疫苗必须单独接种，这需要处理大量的动物，使得难以实现高疫苗覆盖率。因此，具有可用于大规模应用的强大免疫力的禽流感疫苗将具有优势。目前正在探索几种方法来改进现有疫苗并开发新型疫苗，本综述将涵盖所有这些方法。 （注：原文中undetected 拼写有误，可能是undetected，意为未被发现的）
