Takakusaki Kaoru
Department of Physiology, Division of Neural Function, Asahikawa Medical College.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2009 Jun;49(6):325-34. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.49.325.
The cerebral cortex controls cognitive and voluntary process of movements. The brainstem and spinal cord are involved in the execution of innately acquired motor patterns such as postural reflexes, muscle tone regulation and locomotion. Cortico-reticular projections arising from the motor cortical areas contribute to the postural control that precedes the voluntary movement process. The basal ganglia cooperatively regulates the activities of the cerebral cortex and the brainstem-spinal cord by its strong inhibitory and dis-inhibitory effects upon these target structures so that goal-directed movements could be appropriately performed. We propose that basal ganglia disfunction, including the abnormality in the dopaminergic projection system, may disturb the cooperative regulation, resulting in motor deficiencies expressed in basal diseases.
大脑皮层控制运动的认知和自主过程。脑干和脊髓参与先天获得的运动模式的执行，如姿势反射、肌张力调节和运动。运动皮层区域产生的皮质-网状投射有助于在自主运动过程之前进行姿势控制。基底神经节通过对这些目标结构的强烈抑制和去抑制作用，协同调节大脑皮层和脑干-脊髓的活动，从而使目标导向的运动能够得到适当执行。我们提出，基底神经节功能障碍，包括多巴胺能投射系统的异常，可能会干扰这种协同调节，导致在基础疾病中表现出运动缺陷。
