van Gerven Marcel, Farquhar Jason, Schaefer Rebecca, Vlek Rutger, Geuze Jeroen, Nijholt Anton, Ramsey Nick, Haselager Pim, Vuurpijl Louis, Gielen Stan, Desain Peter
Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Neural Eng. 2009 Aug;6(4):041001. doi: 10.1088/1741-2560/6/4/041001. Epub 2009 Jul 22.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted much attention recently, triggered by new scientific progress in understanding brain function and by impressive applications. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the various steps in the BCI cycle, i.e., the loop from the measurement of brain activity, classification of data, feedback to the subject and the effect of feedback on brain activity. In this article we will review the critical steps of the BCI cycle, the present issues and state-of-the-art results. Moreover, we will develop a vision on how recently obtained results may contribute to new insights in neurocognition and, in particular, in the neural representation of perceived stimuli, intended actions and emotions. Now is the right time to explore what can be gained by embracing real-time, online BCI and by adding it to the set of experimental tools already available to the cognitive neuroscientist. We close by pointing out some unresolved issues and present our view on how BCI could become an important new tool for probing human cognition.
脑机接口（BCIs）近来备受关注，这是由在理解脑功能方面取得的新科学进展以及令人印象深刻的应用所引发的。本综述的目的是概述脑机接口循环中的各个步骤，即从脑活动测量、数据分类、向受试者反馈以及反馈对脑活动的影响这一循环过程。在本文中，我们将回顾脑机接口循环的关键步骤、当前存在的问题以及最新成果。此外，我们将探讨近期获得的研究结果如何能为神经认知，特别是对感知刺激、意向动作和情感的神经表征带来新的见解。现在正是探索通过采用实时在线脑机接口并将其添加到认知神经科学家现有的实验工具集中能够获得什么的时候。我们最后指出一些尚未解决的问题，并阐述我们对于脑机接口如何能够成为探究人类认知的重要新工具的看法。
