ARTORG Research Centre, University of Bern, Stauffacherstrasse 78, Bern, Switzerland.
Int J Med Robot. 2009 Dec;5(4):415-22. doi: 10.1002/rcs.273.
In this paper we present a landmark-based augmented reality (AR) endoscope system for endoscopic paranasal and transnasal surgeries along with fast and automatic calibration and registration procedures for the endoscope.
Preoperatively the surgeon selects natural landmarks or can define new landmarks in CT volume. These landmarks are overlaid, after proper registration of preoperative CT to the patient, on the endoscopic video stream. The specified name of the landmark, along with selected colour and its distance from the endoscope tip, is also augmented. The endoscope optics are calibrated and registered by fast and automatic methods. Accuracy of the system is evaluated in a metallic grid and cadaver set-up.
Root mean square (RMS) error of the system is 0.8 mm in a controlled laboratory set-up (metallic grid) and was 2.25 mm during cadaver studies.
A novel landmark-based AR endoscope system is implemented and its accuracy is evaluated. Augmented landmarks will help the surgeon to orientate and navigate the surgical field. Studies prove the capability of the system for the proposed application. Further clinical studies are planned in near future.
本文提出了一种基于标志点的增强现实（AR）内窥镜系统，用于鼻旁窦和经鼻内窥镜手术，并结合了内窥镜的快速自动校准和配准程序。
术前，外科医生在 CT 容积中选择自然标志点或定义新的标志点。这些标志点在术前 CT 与患者适当配准后，会叠加在内窥镜视频流上。指定标志点的名称，以及选择的颜色及其与内窥镜尖端的距离，也会被叠加。通过快速自动的方法对内窥镜光学系统进行校准和配准。
在受控的实验室设置（金属网格）中，系统的均方根（RMS）误差为 0.8 毫米，在尸体研究中为 2.25 毫米。
本文实现了一种新的基于标志点的 AR 内窥镜系统，并对其准确性进行了评估。增强的标志点将帮助外科医生定位和导航手术区域。研究证明了该系统在拟议应用中的能力。计划在不久的将来进行进一步的临床研究。
