Baraniuk James N, Merck Samantha J
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA.
Acta Clin Croat. 2009 Mar;48(1):65-73.
Nasal mucosa is innervated by multiple subsets of nociceptive, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. These play carefully coordinated roles in regulating glandular, vascular and other processes. These functions are vital for cleaning and humidifying ambient air before it is inhaled into the lungs. The recent recognition of distinct classes of nociceptive nerves with unique patterns of sensory receptors that include seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, new families of transient receptor potential and voltage and calcium gated ion channels, and combinations of neurotransmitters that can be modulated during inflammation by neurotrophic factors has revolutionized our understanding of the complexity and subtlety of nasal innervation. These findings may provide a rational basis for responses to air temperature changes, culinary and botanical odorants ("aromatherapy"), and inhaled irritants in conditions as diverse as idiopathic nonallergic rhinitis, occupational rhinitis, hyposmia, and multiple chemical sensitivity.
鼻黏膜由伤害性、副交感神经和交感神经的多个亚群支配。这些神经在调节腺体、血管和其他生理过程中发挥着精心协调的作用。这些功能对于在吸入肺部之前清洁和湿润周围空气至关重要。最近发现了不同类别的伤害性神经，它们具有独特的感觉受体模式，包括七跨膜G蛋白偶联受体、新的瞬时受体电位家族以及电压和钙门控离子通道，并且神经递质的组合在炎症期间可被神经营养因子调节，这彻底改变了我们对鼻神经支配的复杂性和微妙性的理解。这些发现可能为应对气温变化、烹饪和植物气味（“芳香疗法”）以及在特发性非过敏性鼻炎、职业性鼻炎、嗅觉减退和多重化学敏感性等多种情况下吸入刺激性物质提供合理依据。
