Baraniuk James N, Merck Samantha J
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007-2197, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Jul;1170:604-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04481.x.
Multiple subsets of nociceptive, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nerves innervate human nasal mucosa. These play carefully coordinated roles in regulating glandular, vascular, and other processes. These functions are vital for cleaning and humidifying ambient air before it is inhaled into the lungs. The recent identification of distinct classes of nociceptive nerves with unique patterns of transient receptor potential sensory receptor ion channel proteins may account for the polymodal, chemo- and mechanicosensitivity of many trigeminal neurons. Modulation of these families of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory autoreceptors, and combinations of neurotransmitters introduces a new level of complexity and subtlety to nasal innervation. These findings may provide a rational basis for responses to air-temperature changes, culinary and botanical odorants ("aromatherapy"), and inhaled irritants in conditions as diverse as allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, occupational rhinitis, hyposmia, and multiple chemical sensitivity.
伤害性、副交感神经和交感神经的多个亚群支配着人类鼻黏膜。它们在调节腺体、血管和其他生理过程中发挥着精心协调的作用。这些功能对于在吸入肺部之前清洁和湿润周围空气至关重要。最近发现具有独特瞬时受体电位感觉受体离子通道蛋白模式的不同类别的伤害性神经，可能解释了许多三叉神经元的多模式、化学和机械敏感性。对这些蛋白质家族、兴奋性和抑制性自身受体以及神经递质组合的调节，为鼻神经支配引入了新的复杂程度和微妙性。这些发现可能为应对气温变化、烹饪和植物气味（“芳香疗法”）以及在过敏性和非过敏性鼻炎、职业性鼻炎、嗅觉减退和多种化学敏感性等不同病症中吸入刺激性物质提供合理依据。
