Campisi Judith, Yaswen Paul
Buck Institute for Age Research, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
Aging Cell. 2009 Jun;8(3):221-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00475.x. Epub 2009 Mar 27.
Cancer is an age-related disease in organisms with renewable tissues. A malignant tumor arises in part from genomic damage, which can also drive age-related degeneration. However, cancer differs from many age-related degenerative diseases in that it entails gain-of-function changes that confer new (albeit aberrant) properties on cells, resulting in vigorous cell proliferation and survival. Nonetheless, interventions that delay age-related degeneration - for example, caloric restriction or dampened insulin/IGF-1 signaling - often also delay cancer. How then is the development of cancer linked to aging? The answer to this question is complex, as suggested by recent findings. This Hot Topic review discusses some of these findings, including how genomic damage might alter cellular properties without conferring mutations, and how some genes that regulate lifespan in organisms that lack renewable tissues might affect the development of cancer in mammals.
癌症是一种在具有可再生组织的生物体中与年龄相关的疾病。恶性肿瘤部分源于基因组损伤，而这种损伤也会导致与年龄相关的退化。然而，癌症与许多与年龄相关的退行性疾病不同，因为它涉及功能获得性变化，这些变化赋予细胞新的（尽管是异常的）特性，导致细胞旺盛增殖和存活。尽管如此，延缓与年龄相关退化的干预措施——例如，热量限制或减弱胰岛素/IGF-1信号传导——通常也会延缓癌症。那么癌症的发展与衰老有怎样的联系呢？正如最近的研究所表明的，这个问题的答案很复杂。本热点综述讨论了其中一些发现，包括基因组损伤如何在不产生突变的情况下改变细胞特性，以及一些在缺乏可再生组织的生物体中调节寿命的基因如何影响哺乳动物的癌症发展。
