Institute of Cardiology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Nov;29(11):1723-9. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.187179. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
Experimental studies have shown that cardiac transfer of unfractionated or partially purified bone marrow cells, as well as stem cells and progenitor cells derived from the bone marrow or peripheral blood, can enhance functional recovery after an acute myocardial infarction. However, the relatively low abundance, small tissue volume, difficult accessibility, and disease-related malfunction of bone marrow-derived stem cells hamper their clinical usefulness. Numerous studies have provided evidence that stromal cells derived from the adipose tissue (adipose tissue-derived stromal cells [ADSCs]) contain a population of adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells that can differentiate into several lineages, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes. The similarities between stem cells extracted from the bone marrow and the adipose tissue suggest the potential for the adipose tissue to act as an alternative, and perhaps preferable, cell source for repairing damaged tissues, such as the ischemic or infarcted heart. We have here reviewed the medical literature describing molecular and functional characterization, differentiation, potential role, and results obtained so far using ADSCs in tissue repair, with a particular focus on the role for ADSCs in cardiovascular repair and regeneration.
实验研究表明，未分馏或部分纯化的骨髓细胞、源自骨髓或外周血的干细胞和祖细胞的心脏转移，可以增强急性心肌梗死后的功能恢复。然而，骨髓来源的干细胞数量相对较少、组织体积小、难以接近以及与疾病相关的功能障碍，限制了其临床应用。大量研究提供了证据，表明源自脂肪组织的基质细胞（脂肪组织源性基质细胞 [ADSCs]）含有一群成年多能间充质干细胞和内皮祖细胞，它们可以分化为多种谱系，包括内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和心肌细胞。从骨髓和脂肪组织中提取的干细胞之间的相似性表明，脂肪组织可能作为修复受损组织（如缺血或梗死的心脏）的替代、甚至更可取的细胞来源。我们在这里回顾了描述分子和功能特征、分化、潜在作用以及迄今为止使用 ADSC 进行组织修复的结果的医学文献，特别关注 ADSC 在心血管修复和再生中的作用。
