Schneider S, Janssen M, Röhrig S, Schüssler M, Solle D
Mannheimer Institut für Public Health, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2009 Jul;134(31-32):1573-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1233982. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
In spite of declining smoking prevalence nothing is known about the motives of adolescents in Germany who abstain from smoking. If one knows what motives prevent youngsters from ever starting to smoke it would make it possible to adjust future preventive strategies that would reach the "hard core" of smoking adolescents. This study investigated the true motives of non-smokers and also focused on possible gender and social background as well as age differences in the structure of their motivation.
In the SToP-Study ("Sources of Tobacco for Pupils" Study 2008) 780 pupils, of whom 709 were non-smokers from 32 school classes, grades 7-9, were interviewed about their smoking experience. In anonymized answers to the questions pupils wrote down their motives for being non-smokers. A total of 1,329 free text statements, some of them very elaborate, were categorized and evaluated in a qualitative analysis.
The most important and frequently mentioned motives for not smoking were health related (78,1%). But the most significant health risks of tobacco consumption (cardiac and cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), except cancer risk, were hardly appreciated. Other important reasons for not smoking were aesthetic aversion (38.6%), lacking perception of a benefit (25.1%) and economic motives (20.9%). It was especially female grammar school pupils who most frequently expressed health and aesthetic reasons (such as disgust, smell and taste aversion, dental and finger discolorations) as motives for not smoking.
Extrinsic reasons (legal restrictions, smoking bans imposed by parents and schools, age limits etc.) are not important reasons to abstain for young non-smokers. Specifically, arguments about health, participation in sports and being in good physical condition should be central to any advice given to young smokers within the setting of general medical practice.
尽管吸烟率在下降，但对于德国青少年戒烟的动机却一无所知。如果了解哪些动机能阻止青少年开始吸烟，就有可能调整未来的预防策略，从而影响吸烟青少年中的“核心群体”。本研究调查了不吸烟者的真正动机，并关注了可能存在的性别、社会背景以及动机结构方面的年龄差异。
在“学生烟草来源”研究（2008年）中，对780名学生进行了访谈，其中709名不吸烟者来自32个7至9年级的班级，询问了他们的吸烟经历。学生们以匿名方式回答问题，写下他们不吸烟的动机。在定性分析中，对总共1329条自由文本陈述（其中一些非常详细）进行了分类和评估。
不吸烟最重要且最常被提及的动机与健康相关（78.1%）。但除癌症风险外，烟草消费的最重要健康风险（心血管和脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病）几乎未被充分认识到。其他不吸烟的重要原因是审美厌恶（38.6%）、缺乏益处认知（25.1%）和经济动机（20.9%）。尤其女文法学校学生最常表达健康和审美方面的原因（如厌恶、气味和味道反感、牙齿和手指变色）作为不吸烟的动机。
外在原因（法律限制、家长和学校实施的禁烟令、年龄限制等）并非年轻不吸烟者戒烟的重要原因。具体而言，在一般医疗实践中，关于健康、参与体育活动和保持良好身体状况的论点应成为向年轻吸烟者提供任何建议的核心内容。
