UMR EcoFoG, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane - CNRS, 2091 Route de Baduel - BP792, 97337, Cayenne Cedex, France.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Oct 29;126(1):149-58. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.07.015. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
A knowledge attitude and practice study centred on leishmaniasis and its treatment was performed among the Chayahuita, an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group living in an endemic area. This study documents traditional Chayahuita plant's use and disease concepts. Also, activity of some medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita is highlighted and discussed.
Ninety-three Chayahuita people were interviewed, following a semi-structured questionnaire focussed on disease knowledge and perception, personal attitude and healing practices. Simultaneously, a collection of plants was performed in different ecotopes, in order to make an extensive inventory of the pharmacopoeia.
For the Chayahuita, cutaneous (CL) and muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) are considered as diseases of their own, with specific names, aetiologies, mode of transmission. Regarding CL, Chayahuita people consider that the humid characteristic of the skin ulcer is a discriminative fact orienting the diagnostic forTa'ta' (leishmaniasis). Forty-six different species were designated useful against LC and /or MCL (29 species by means of the questionnaire and 27 species when collecting in different ecotopes). Thirty-seven extracts corresponding to 31 species used medicinally were screened in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis axenic amastigotes, assessing their viability by the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT). Six species displayed a good activity (10 microg/ml<IC50<20 microg/ml): an undetermined hemi-epiphytic Clusiaceae, Cybianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly (Myrsinaceae), two Piper, Piper sanguineispicum Trel., and Piper loretoanum Trel. (Piperaceae), Desmodium axillare Sw. DC. (Fabaceae), and Clibadium sylvestre (Aubl.) Baill. (Asteraceae).
Perception of leishmaniasis, attitude, treatments and diet prohibitions still largely reflects traditional Chayahuita cosmovision, even if some tentative of bio-medical re-interpretation is arising.
在一个流行利什曼病的亚马逊秘鲁族群中，进行了一项以利什曼病及其治疗为中心的知识、态度和实践研究。这项研究记录了传统查亚维塔人使用植物的情况和疾病概念。同时，还强调并讨论了查亚维塔人使用的一些药用植物的活性。
对 93 名查亚维塔人进行了访谈，采用半结构式问卷，重点关注疾病知识和认知、个人态度和治疗实践。同时，在不同的生态环境中采集植物，以广泛编制药典。
对于查亚维塔人来说，皮肤（CL）和粘膜皮肤利什曼病（MCL）被认为是他们自己的疾病，具有特定的名称、病因和传播方式。关于 CL，查亚维塔人认为皮肤溃疡的潮湿特征是一个有区别的事实，有助于他们诊断 Ta'ta'（利什曼病）。46 种不同的物种被指定用于治疗 CL 和/或 MCL（29 种是通过问卷指定的，27 种是在不同的生态环境中采集的）。从 31 种药用植物中筛选出 37 种提取物，在体外对抗利什曼原虫无鞭毛体，通过还原四唑盐（MTT）评估其活力。6 种植物显示出良好的活性（10 μg/ml<IC50<20 μg/ml）：一种未确定的半附生番荔枝科植物、Cybianthus anthuriophyllus Pipoly（紫金牛科）、两种 Piper、 Piper sanguineispicum Trel.和 Piper loretoanum Trel.（胡椒科）、 Desmodium axillare Sw. DC.（豆科）和 Clibadium sylvestre（Aubl.）Baill.（菊科）。
对利什曼病的感知、态度、治疗和饮食禁忌仍然在很大程度上反映了传统查亚维塔人的宇宙观，即使正在出现一些生物医学重新解释的尝试。
