Wang Huan-Huan, Yin Wei-Bo, Hu Zan-Min
Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2009 Jul;36(7):387-98. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(08)60128-9.
The chloroplast is a pivotal organelle in plant cells and eukaryotic algae to carry out photosynthesis, which provides the primary source of the world's food. The expression of foreign genes in chloroplasts offers several advantages over their expression in the nucleus: high-level expression, transgene stacking in operons and a lack of epigenetic interference allowing stable transgene expression. In addition, transgenic chloroplasts are generally not transmitted through pollen grains because of the cytoplasmic localization. In the past two decades, great progress in chloroplast engineering has been made. In this paper, we review and highlight recent studies of chloroplast engineering, including chloroplast transformation procedures, controlled expression of plastid transgenes in plants, the expression of foreign genes for improvement of plant traits, the production of biopharmaceuticals, metabolic pathway engineering in plants, plastid transformation to study RNA editing, and marker gene excision system.
叶绿体是植物细胞和真核藻类中进行光合作用的关键细胞器，光合作用为全球食物提供了主要来源。与在细胞核中表达外源基因相比，在叶绿体中表达具有多个优势：高水平表达、操纵子中的转基因堆叠以及缺乏表观遗传干扰从而实现转基因的稳定表达。此外，由于细胞质定位，转基因叶绿体通常不会通过花粉粒传播。在过去二十年中，叶绿体工程取得了巨大进展。在本文中，我们回顾并重点介绍了叶绿体工程的最新研究，包括叶绿体转化程序、植物中质体转基因的可控表达、用于改善植物性状的外源基因表达、生物制药的生产、植物中的代谢途径工程、用于研究RNA编辑的质体转化以及标记基因切除系统。
