Bombay Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Oct 28;165(1-2):58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.021. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
In view of the medical, veterinary and economic importance of hydatid disease in India, our study aimed to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Echinococcus present in domestic livestock in India. Out of 21,861 animals examined, cattle were found with the highest prevalence of hydatid cysts (5.10%) followed by buffaloes (3.81%), pigs (0.87%) and sheep (0.075%). Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome oxidase-1 gene revealed that the buffalo strain or G3 genotype was the predominant genotype (29/46) in all species of livestock followed by the cattle strain or G5 genotype (9/46), the G1 genotype or the common sheep strain (6/46) and the G2 genotype or Tasmanian Sheep strain (2/46). The ability of the G3 (buffalo) and G5 (cattle) genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus to infect and produce fertile hydatid cysts in pigs was also demonstrated for the first time. Both morphological and molecular results support earlier studies suggesting that Echinococcus of buffalo origin is phenotypically and genetically similar to the sheep (G1) and Tasmanian Sheep (G2) strains of Echinococcus, which adds further evidence to support its recognition as one species, viz., E. granulosus sensu stricto. Our molecular, morphological and biological characteristics also support earlier studies suggesting that Echinococcus of cattle origin, designated the G5 genotype, should be recognised as a separate species, viz. Echinococcus ortleppi. Finally, the study reveals that the prevalence of hydatidosis in urban centres in India has been showing a consistently declining trend over the past few decades, possibly owing to economic development and improved government legislation of abattoirs.
鉴于包虫病在印度的医学、兽医和经济重要性，我们的研究旨在确定印度家畜中存在的细粒棘球蚴的流行率和基因型。在检查的 21861 只动物中，牛的包虫囊肿流行率最高（5.10%），其次是水牛（3.81%）、猪（0.87%）和绵羊（0.075%）。细胞色素氧化酶-1 基因的系统发育分析表明，在所有家畜物种中，水牛株或 G3 基因型（29/46）是主要基因型，其次是牛株或 G5 基因型（9/46）、G1 基因型或普通绵羊株（6/46）和 G2 基因型或塔斯马尼亚绵羊株（2/46）。首次证明，细粒棘球蚴的 G3（水牛）和 G5（牛）基因型能够感染并在猪体内产生有活力的包虫囊肿。形态学和分子结果都支持早期的研究，表明来源于水牛的细粒棘球蚴在表型和遗传上与绵羊（G1）和塔斯马尼亚绵羊（G2）株的细粒棘球蚴相似，这进一步证明了将其视为一个物种，即细粒棘球蚴亚种。我们的分子、形态学和生物学特征也支持早期的研究，表明来源于牛的细粒棘球蚴，被指定为 G5 基因型，应被视为一个单独的物种，即细粒棘球蚴 ortleppi 亚种。最后，该研究表明，在过去几十年中，印度城市中心的包虫病流行率呈持续下降趋势，这可能是由于经济发展和屠宰场政府立法的改善。
