D'haeseleer Evelien, Depypere Herman, Claeys Sofie, Van Borsel John, Van Lierde Kristiane
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Speech and Language Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
Maturitas. 2009 Sep 20;64(1):27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.06.009. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
During lifetime the female larynx is very sensitive to sex hormone fluctuations. The menopause forms a critical event in a women's life and also affects the laryngeal tissues. The present report gives an overview of the recent literature about the impact of the menopause on the female larynx and vocal quality. The article discusses the symptoms, aetiology and different treatment options for laryngeal changes during the menopause. The literature pertaining to the impact of the menopause on the voice and the larynx was reviewed to provide a critical summary about the menopausal voice, aetiology and therapeutic options. In postmenopausal women laryngeal changes like oedema and muscular and mucosal dystrophy and atrophy were found. For the voice, the most important acoustic changes in postmenopausal women are a decreased vocal frequency range, decreased fundamental frequency and a higher frequency perturbation. Potential direct and indirect causes for these changes are discussed. Hormone replacement therapy is prescribed in some women for the treatment of menopausal complaints. The first reports in the literature point out a tendency towards a positive, organ-conserving effect of hormone treatment on the larynx and probably the voice. The type and the form of application of hormone therapy seem to be important in the outcome of the studies.
在一生中，女性喉部对性激素波动非常敏感。绝经是女性生命中的一个关键事件，也会影响喉部组织。本报告概述了近期有关绝经对女性喉部和嗓音质量影响的文献。文章讨论了绝经期间喉部变化的症状、病因及不同治疗选择。回顾了有关绝经对嗓音和喉部影响的文献，以提供关于绝经嗓音、病因及治疗选择的批判性总结。在绝经后女性中发现了喉部变化，如水肿、肌肉和黏膜营养不良及萎缩。对于嗓音而言，绝经后女性最重要的声学变化是嗓音频率范围减小、基频降低以及频率微扰增加。讨论了这些变化的潜在直接和间接原因。一些女性采用激素替代疗法来治疗绝经相关症状。文献中的首批报告指出，激素治疗对喉部乃至嗓音可能具有积极的、保护器官的作用倾向。激素治疗的类型和应用形式似乎对研究结果很重要。
