植物成熟度、茎繁殖及性别对雌雄异株植物荨麻营养生长的影响。
Influence of plant maturity, shoot reproduction and sex on vegetative growth in the dioecious plant Urtica dioica.
作者信息
Oñate Marta, Munné-Bosch Sergi
机构信息
Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Ann Bot. 2009 Oct;104(5):945-56. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcp176. Epub 2009 Jul 25.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) is a herbaceous, dioecious perennial that is widely distributed around the world, reproduces both sexually and asexually, and is characterized by rapid growth. This work was aimed at evaluating the effects of plant maturity, shoot reproduction and sex on the growth of leaves and shoots.
METHODS
Growth rates of apical shoots, together with foliar levels of phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, absicisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid) and other indicators of leaf physiology (water contents, photosynthetic pigments, alpha-tocopherol and F(v)/F(m) ratios) were measured in juvenile and mature plants, with a distinction made between reproductive and non-reproductive shoots in both males and females. Vegetative growth rates were not only evaluated in field-grown plants, but also in cuttings obtained from these plants. All measurements were performed during an active vegetative growth phase in autumn, a few months after mature plants reproduced during spring and summer.
KEY RESULTS
Vegetative growth rates in mature plants were drastically reduced compared with juvenile ones (48 % and 78 % for number of leaves and leaf biomass produced per day, respectively), which was associated with a loss of photosynthetic pigments (up to 24 % and 48 % for chlorophylls and carotenoids, respectively) and increases of alpha-tocopherol (up to 2.7-fold), while endogenous levels of phytohormones did not differ between mature and juvenile plants. Reductions in vegetative growth were particularly evident in reproductive shoots of mature plants, and occurred similarly in both males and females.
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that (a) plant maturity reduces vegetative growth in U. dioica, (b) effects of plant maturity are evident both in reproductive and non-reproductive shoots, but particularly in the former, and (c) these changes occur similarly in both male and female plants.
背景与目的
荨麻（Urtica dioica）是一种雌雄异株的多年生草本植物，广泛分布于世界各地，既能进行有性繁殖，也能进行无性繁殖，且生长迅速。本研究旨在评估植株成熟度、枝条繁殖和性别对叶片及枝条生长的影响。
方法
在幼年和成熟植株中测量顶枝的生长速率，以及叶片中植物激素（细胞分裂素、生长素、脱落酸、茉莉酸和水杨酸）的含量和其他叶片生理指标（含水量、光合色素、α-生育酚和F(v)/F(m)比值），并区分雄性和雌性植株中生殖枝和非生殖枝。不仅对田间生长的植株进行营养生长速率评估，还对从这些植株上获取的插条进行评估。所有测量均在秋季营养生长活跃期进行，此时距离成熟植株在春夏季节繁殖已有数月。
关键结果
与幼年植株相比，成熟植株的营养生长速率大幅降低（每天产生的叶片数量和叶片生物量分别降低48%和78%），这与光合色素的损失（叶绿素和类胡萝卜素分别高达24%和48%）以及α-生育酚含量的增加（高达2.7倍）有关，而成熟植株和幼年植株的植物激素内源水平并无差异。营养生长的降低在成熟植株的生殖枝中尤为明显，且在雄性和雌性植株中表现相似。
结论
得出以下结论：（a）植株成熟度会降低荨麻的营养生长；（b）植株成熟度的影响在生殖枝和非生殖枝中均明显，但在前者中尤为显著；（c）这些变化在雄性和雌性植株中表现相似。
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