de Graaf R E, Dahm R J, Icke J, Goetgeluk R W, Jansen S J T, van de Ven F H M
Section of Water Resources, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands.
Water Sci Technol. 2009;60(2):311-20. doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.179.
Worldwide, the need for transformative change in urban water management is acknowledged by scientists and policy makers. The effects of climate change and developments such as urbanization, the European Water Framework Directive, and societal concerns about the sustainability of urban water system force the sector to adapt. In The Netherlands, a shift towards integration of spatial planning and water management can be observed. Despite major changes in water management policy and approach, changes in the physical urban water management infrastructure remain limited to incremental solutions and demonstration projects. Policy studies show that institutional factors and professional perceptions are important factors for application of innovations in urban water management. An online survey among Dutch urban water management professionals demonstrates that according to most respondents, optimization of the current system is sufficient to achieve both European and national objectives for sustainable urban water management. The respondents are most concerned with the effects of climate change on urban water systems. In contrast to current policy of the national government, priority factors that should be addressed to achieve a more sustainable urban water system are improving knowledge of local urban water systems, capacity building, developing trust between stakeholders, and improving involvement of elected officials and citizens.
在全球范围内，科学家和政策制定者都认识到城市水管理需要变革性变化。气候变化以及城市化、《欧洲水框架指令》等发展态势，再加上社会对城市水系统可持续性的关注，迫使该领域进行调整。在荷兰，可以观察到一种向空间规划与水管理一体化转变的趋势。尽管水管理政策和方法发生了重大变化，但城市水管理物理基础设施的变化仍局限于渐进式解决方案和示范项目。政策研究表明，制度因素和专业观念是城市水管理创新应用的重要因素。一项针对荷兰城市水管理专业人员的在线调查显示，大多数受访者认为，优化现有系统足以实现欧洲和荷兰的城市水可持续管理目标。受访者最关心气候变化对城市水系统的影响。与国家政府目前的政策不同，要实现更可持续的城市水系统，应优先解决的因素包括提高对当地城市水系统的认识、能力建设、在利益相关者之间建立信任，以及提高当选官员和公民的参与度。
