Paul Michel A, Miller James C, Love Ryan J, Lieberman Harris, Blazeski Sofi, Arendt Josephine
Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Canada.
Chronobiol Int. 2009 Jul;26(5):867-90. doi: 10.1080/07420520903044331.
Jet lag degrades performance and operational readiness of recently deployed military personnel and other travelers. The objective of the studies reported here was to determine, using a narrow bandwidth light tower (500 nm), the optimum timing of light treatment to hasten adaptive circadian phase advance and delay. Three counterbalanced treatment order, repeated measures studies were conducted to compare melatonin suppression and phase shift across multiple light treatment timings. In Experiment 1, 14 normal healthy volunteers (8 men/6 women) aged 34.9+/-8.2 yrs (mean+/-SD) underwent light treatment at the following times: A) 06:00 to 07:00 h, B) 05:30 to 07:30 h, and C) 09:00 to 10:00 h (active control). In Experiment 2, 13 normal healthy subjects (7 men/6 women) aged 35.6+/-6.9 yrs, underwent light treatment at each of the following times: A) 06:00 to 07:00 h, B) 07:00 to 08:00 h, C) 08:00 to 09:00 h, and a no-light control session (D) from 07:00 to 08:00 h. In Experiment 3, 10 normal healthy subjects (6 men/4 women) aged 37.0+/-7.7 yrs underwent light treatment at the following times: A) 02:00 to 03:00 h, B) 02:30 to 03:30 h, and C) 03:00 to 04:00 h, with a no-light control (D) from 02:30 to 03:30 h. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was established by two methods: when salivary melatonin levels exceeded a 1.0 pg/ml threshold, and when salivary melatonin levels exceeded three times the 0.9 pg/ml sensitivity of the radioimmunoasssy. Using the 1.0 pg/ml DLMO, significant phase advances were found in Experiment 1 for conditions A (p < .028) and B (p < 0.004). Experiment 2 showed significant phase advances in conditions A (p < 0.018) and B (p < 0.003) but not C (p < 0.23), relative to condition D. In Experiment 3, only condition B (p < 0.035) provided a significant phase delay relative to condition D. Similar but generally smaller phase shifts were found with the 2.7 pg/ml DLMO method. This threshold was used to analyze phase shifts against circadian time of the start of light treatment for all three experiments. The best fit curve applied to these data (R(2) = 0.94) provided a partial phase-response curve with maximum advance at approximately 9-11 h and maximum delay at approximately 5-6 h following DLMO. These data suggest largest phase advances will result when light treatment is started between 06:00 and 08:00 h, and greatest phase delays will result from light treatment started between 02:00 to 03:00 h in entrained subjects with a regular sleep wake cycle (23:00 to 07:00 h).
时差会降低近期部署的军事人员和其他旅行者的工作表现和作战准备状态。本文报道的研究目的是使用窄带宽灯塔（500纳米）来确定光疗的最佳时间，以加速适应性昼夜节律的相位提前和延迟。进行了三项采用平衡处理顺序的重复测量研究，以比较多种光疗时间下褪黑素的抑制情况和相位变化。在实验1中，14名年龄为34.9±8.2岁（平均±标准差）的正常健康志愿者（8名男性/6名女性）在以下时间接受光疗：A）06:00至07:00时，B）05:30至07:30时，以及C）09:00至10:00时（主动对照）。在实验2中，13名年龄为35.6±6.9岁的正常健康受试者（7名男性/6名女性）在以下每个时间接受光疗：A）06:00至07:00时，B）07:00至08:00时，C）08:00至09:00时，以及一个无光对照时段（D）从07:00至08:00时。通过两种方法确定暗光褪黑素起始时间（DLMO）：当唾液褪黑素水平超过1.0皮克/毫升阈值时，以及当唾液褪黑素水平超过放射免疫分析0.9皮克/毫升灵敏度的三倍时。使用1.0皮克/毫升DLMO，在实验1中，条件A（p < .028）和B（p < 0.004）发现有显著的相位提前。实验2显示，相对于条件D，条件A（p < 0.018）和B（p < 0.003）有显著的相位提前，但条件C（p < 0.23）没有。在实验3中，只有条件B（p < 0.035）相对于条件D提供了显著的相位延迟。使用2.7皮克/毫升DLMO方法发现了类似但通常较小的相位变化。该阈值用于分析所有三个实验中光疗开始时相对于昼夜节律时间的相位变化。应用于这些数据的最佳拟合曲线（R(2) = 0.94）提供了一条部分相位响应曲线，在DLMO后约9 - 11小时有最大提前，在约5 - 6小时有最大延迟。这些数据表明，对于有规律睡眠 - 清醒周期（23:00至07:00时）的同步受试者，当光疗在06:00至08:00时开始时，将产生最大的相位提前，而当光疗在02:00至03:00时开始时，将产生最大的相位延迟。
