Zhang Qiumei, Zhao Xinqing, Jiang Rujiao, Li Qian, Bai Fengwu
Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao. 2009 Apr;25(4):481-7.
Improvement of stress tolerance to various adverse environmental conditions (such as toxic products, high temperature) of the industrial microorganisms is important for industrial applications. Ethanol produced by yeast fermentation is inhibitory to both yeast cell growth and metabolisms, and consequently is one of the key stress elements of brewer's yeast. Research on the biochemical and molecular mechanism of the tolerance of yeast can provide basis for breeding of yeast strain with improved ethanol tolerance. In recent years, employing global gene transcriptional analysis and functional analysis, new knowledge on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of yeast ethanol tolerance has been accumulated, and novel genes and biochemical parameters related to ethanol tolerance have been revealed. Based on these studies, the overexpression and/or disruption of the related genes have successfully resulted in the breeding of new yeast strains with improved ethanol tolerance. This paper reviewed the recent research progress on the molecular mechanism of yeast ethanol tolerance, as well as the genetic engineering manipulations to improve yeast ethanol tolerance. The studies reviewed here not only deepened our knowledge on yeast ethanol tolerance, but also provided basis for more efficient bioconversion for bio-energy production.
提高工业微生物对各种不利环境条件（如有毒产物、高温）的胁迫耐受性对于工业应用至关重要。酵母发酵产生的乙醇对酵母细胞生长和代谢均有抑制作用，因此是酿酒酵母的关键胁迫因素之一。对酵母耐受性的生化和分子机制进行研究可为选育乙醇耐受性提高的酵母菌株提供依据。近年来，通过全球基因转录分析和功能分析，积累了关于酵母乙醇耐受性生化和分子机制的新知识，揭示了与乙醇耐受性相关的新基因和生化参数。基于这些研究，相关基因的过表达和/或敲除已成功培育出乙醇耐受性提高的新酵母菌株。本文综述了酵母乙醇耐受性分子机制的最新研究进展以及提高酵母乙醇耐受性的基因工程操作。这里综述的研究不仅加深了我们对酵母乙醇耐受性的认识，也为生物能源生产的更高效生物转化提供了依据。
