Alvarez José Antonio, Ramírez América Jazmín, Mojica-Larrea Miriam, Huerta Jessica del Rocío, Guerrero Jennifer Dayane, Rolón Ana Lilia, Medina Humberto, Muñoz Juan Manuel, Mosqueda Juan Luis, Macías Alejandro Ernesto, Sifuentes-Osornio José
Facultad de Medicina de León, Universidad de Guanajuato.
Rev Invest Clin. 2009 Mar-Apr;61(2):98-103.
The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized patients is a significant problem due to its associated morbidity and mortality. It is important to know the recent MRSA epidemiology at a General Hospital.
To determine the MRSA epidemiology at a Mexican general hospital from 2000 to 2007, in order to know if there is a significant trend in its proportion.
Prevalence survey. The resistance to oxacillin was identified by the Kirby-Bauer's method. The specimens were classified by type and year of isolation. Trend statistics were used for analysis.
S. aureus was identified in 1,008 samples, being 301 resistant to oxacillin (30%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 25 to 35%). The proportion of MRSA went from 37% (95% CI, 29 to 44%) to 49% (95% CI, 40 to 58%) in the period of study (chi2 for trends = 6.676, p < 0.01). Specimens with the highest proportion of MRSA were blood and sterile liquids with 32% (95% CI, 26 to 39%), secretions with 29% (95% CI, 24 to 33%), and catheters with 21% (95% CI, 16 to 26%).
The proportion of MRSA has increased significantly. This leads to higher costs and morbi-mortality for the hospitalized patients. We require stricter policies to prevent transmission and to control the use of antibiotics.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）在住院患者中高流行率因其相关的发病率和死亡率而成为一个重大问题。了解一家综合医院近期的MRSA流行病学情况很重要。
确定2000年至2007年一家墨西哥综合医院的MRSA流行病学情况，以了解其比例是否存在显著趋势。
患病率调查。采用 Kirby-Bauer 法鉴定对苯唑西林的耐药性。标本按分离类型和年份分类。采用趋势统计进行分析。
在1008份样本中鉴定出金黄色葡萄球菌，其中301份对苯唑西林耐药（30%，95%置信区间[CI]，25%至35%）。在研究期间，MRSA的比例从37%（95%CI，29%至44%）升至49%（95%CI，40%至58%）（趋势χ2 = 6.676，p < 0.01）。MRSA比例最高的标本是血液和无菌液体，为32%（95%CI，26%至39%），分泌物为29%（95%CI，24%至33%），导管为21%（95%CI，16%至26%）。
MRSA的比例显著增加。这导致住院患者的成本和病死亡率更高。我们需要更严格的政策来预防传播并控制抗生素的使用。
