Kumari N, Mohapatra T M, Singh Y I
Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2008 Apr-Jun;47(170):53-6.
Nosocomial infection is a major problem in the world today. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, usually resistant to several antibiotics, shows a particular ability to spread in hospitals and is now present in most of the countries. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in our hospital located in eastern Nepal. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by standard methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Interpretation criteria were those of the national committee for clinical laboratory standards. During a period of one year, out of a total of 750 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from various clinical samples, 196 (26.14%) were found to be Methicillin-resistant. Seventy percent isolates of MRSA were from inpatient departments and amongst them only 10% of the isolates were from intensive care units (ICU). More than 65% of MRSA were found to be resistant to Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin Erythromycin and Tetracycline, while 47.96% of them were resistant to Amikacin. Many MRSA strains were multidrug-resistant. However, no strains were resistant to Vancomycin. To reduce the prevalence of MRSA, the regular surveillance of hospital acquired infection, isolation nursing of patients who carry MRSA, monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and formulation of a definite antibiotic policy may be helpful.
医院感染是当今世界的一个主要问题。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株通常对多种抗生素耐药，在医院中具有特别强的传播能力，目前在大多数国家都有出现。本研究的目的是确定位于尼泊尔东部的我们医院中MRSA感染的患病率及其抗菌药敏模式。通过标准方法确认金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定，并采用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗菌药敏试验。解释标准采用国家临床实验室标准委员会的标准。在一年的时间里，从各种临床样本中分离出的750株金黄色葡萄球菌中，有196株（26.14%）被发现是耐甲氧西林的。70%的MRSA分离株来自住院科室，其中只有10%的分离株来自重症监护病房（ICU）。超过65%的MRSA被发现对青霉素、头孢菌素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、红霉素和四环素耐药，而其中47.96%对阿米卡星耐药。许多MRSA菌株具有多重耐药性。然而，没有菌株对万古霉素耐药。为了降低MRSA的患病率，定期监测医院获得性感染、对携带MRSA的患者进行隔离护理、监测抗菌药敏模式以及制定明确的抗生素政策可能会有所帮助。
