Munakata Nobuo, Kazadzis Stelios, Bolseé David, Schuch Nelson, Koskela Tapani, Karpetchko Alex, Meleti Charoula, Casiccia Claudio, Barcellos da Rosa Marcelo, Saida Toshiaki, Nishigori Chikako, Ogata Katsumi, Imafuku Kazuhiro, Liu Chung-Ming, Lestari Sri, Kanoko Mpu, Cornain Santoso, Mulyadi Ketut, Hieda Kotaro
Biophysics Laboratory and Research Information Center for Extremophiles, Faculty of Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2009 Aug;8(8):1117-24. doi: 10.1039/b906975e. Epub 2009 Jun 23.
Biological monitoring of solar UV radiation using spore dosimeters has been undertaken since the year 1999 at more than 20 sites in Asia, Europe and South America. The monthly-cumulative data to the end of the year 2004 have been presented before. In this paper, successive data to the end of the year 2007 are compiled and the trends and correlation analyses with yearly and monthly average amounts of columnar ozone are presented. Mean yearly doses at 10 northern and 6 southern hemisphere sites exhibited exponential latitudinal gradients with similar slopes indicating a doubling of the dose with the decline of about 14 degrees. Among 12 sites where continual data for more than 6 years were available, increasing trends in yearly UV doses were observed at 11 sites. At one European (Brussels), two tropical Asian (Padang and Denpasar), and two South American (São Martinho and Punta Arenas) sites, decreasing trends of ozone amounts were noted, whereas at the remaining 6 sites (five sites in Japan and Thessaloniki), increasing trends of the UV doses were observed without notable changes, or with an increase at one site (Kiyotake), of the average ozone amounts. At one site (Taipei), the UV doses and the ozone amounts stayed constant. In the monsoon areas, climatic variations and changes, particularly in the extent of cloudiness and frequency of rainfall in summer months, might have been largely responsible for the trends of the UV doses. However, even at these sites, the decreases in the ozone amounts in summer months were frequently observed and might have contributed to the increasing trends of the UV doses. Since each region and locality is unique in climatic and atmospheric conditions, it is not easy to generalize the global trends. However, at many sites involved in this monitoring project, the increases in the biological UV doses during this period seemed to be linked to the decreases in the ozone amounts.
自1999年以来，已在亚洲、欧洲和南美洲的20多个地点使用孢子剂量计对太阳紫外线辐射进行生物监测。截至2004年底的月度累积数据此前已经公布。本文汇编了截至2007年底的连续数据，并给出了与柱状臭氧年平均和月平均量的趋势及相关性分析。北半球10个地点和南半球6个地点的年平均剂量呈现出指数纬度梯度，斜率相似，表明剂量每减少约14度便会翻倍。在有6年以上连续数据的12个地点中，11个地点观测到年紫外线剂量呈上升趋势。在欧洲的一个地点（布鲁塞尔）、亚洲热带地区的两个地点（巴东和登巴萨）以及南美洲的两个地点（圣马丁霍和蓬塔阿雷纳斯），臭氧量呈下降趋势，而在其余6个地点（日本的5个地点和塞萨洛尼基），紫外线剂量呈上升趋势，平均臭氧量无显著变化，或在一个地点（清武）有所增加。在一个地点（台北），紫外线剂量和臭氧量保持不变。在季风区，气候变化，特别是夏季的云量和降雨频率的变化，可能在很大程度上导致了紫外线剂量的趋势。然而，即使在这些地点，夏季臭氧量的减少也经常被观测到，这可能促成了紫外线剂量的上升趋势。由于每个地区和地点的气候和大气条件各不相同，很难概括全球趋势。然而，在参与该监测项目的许多地点，这一时期生物紫外线剂量的增加似乎与臭氧量的减少有关。
