Keough Dwayne, Jones Jeffery A
Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2009 Aug;126(2):837-46. doi: 10.1121/1.3158600.
Singing requires accurate control of the fundamental frequency (F0) of the voice. This study examined trained singers' and untrained singers' (nonsingers') sensitivity to subtle manipulations in auditory feedback and the subsequent effect on the mapping between F0 feedback and vocal control. Participants produced the consonant-vowel /ta/ while receiving auditory feedback that was shifted up and down in frequency. Results showed that singers and nonsingers compensated to a similar degree when presented with frequency-altered feedback (FAF); however, singers' F0 values were consistently closer to the intended pitch target. Moreover, singers initiated their compensatory responses when auditory feedback was shifted up or down 6 cents or more, compared to nonsingers who began compensating when feedback was shifted up 26 cents and down 22 cents. Additionally, examination of the first 50 ms of vocalization indicated that participants commenced subsequent vocal utterances, during FAF, near the F0 value on previous shift trials. Interestingly, nonsingers commenced F0 productions below the pitch target and increased their F0 until they matched the note. Thus, singers and nonsingers rely on an internal model to regulate voice F0, but singers' models appear to be more sensitive in response to subtle discrepancies in auditory feedback.
唱歌需要对声音的基频（F0）进行精确控制。本研究考察了经过训练的歌手和未经训练的歌手（非歌手）对听觉反馈中细微变化的敏感度，以及随后对F0反馈与发声控制之间映射关系的影响。参与者在发出辅音-元音/ta/的同时，接收频率上下变化的听觉反馈。结果表明，当呈现频率改变的反馈（FAF）时，歌手和非歌手的补偿程度相似；然而，歌手的F0值始终更接近预期的音高目标。此外，与非歌手相比，当听觉反馈向上或向下偏移6音分或更多时，歌手就开始做出补偿反应，而非歌手在反馈向上偏移26音分和向下偏移22音分时才开始补偿。此外，对发声最初50毫秒的检查表明，在FAF期间，参与者在后续发声时，接近前一次偏移试验中的F0值。有趣的是，非歌手在低于音高目标的情况下开始F0发声，并提高其F0直到与音符匹配。因此，歌手和非歌手都依靠内部模型来调节声音F0，但歌手的模型似乎对听觉反馈中的细微差异更敏感。
