Ma Fei, Qu Cheng-Yi, Wang Ting, Yin Jiong, Zhang Xiao-Dong, Meng Jun, Zhang Cai-Ping
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2009 Mar;30(3):247-51.
To study the characteristics and influencing factors on hearing impairment among elderly population in the community of Taiyuan city.
384 ageing people above 60 years old were selected from Chaoyang and Guandi community in Taiyuan city by multi-stage sampling. Data on influencing factors of hearing impairment were collected by questionnaire. 5 ml fasting blood samples were drawn to detect the level of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterin in the blood samples. All the objects were tested with binaural hearing. The level of binaural hearing threshold at 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz were measured by GVSLN-TC-GK2000 hearing-assistant evaluative apparatus. The level of 3 kHz, 4 kHz, average hearing threshold from ear with better audition was chosen as dependent variable. Socio-demographic data, environmental factors and biochemical indicator were chosen as independent variables, t test, ANOVA and accumulative logistic regression were performed to analyze the influencing factors on hearing impairment by software SPSS 13.0.
The prevalence of hearing impairment among elderly population was 90.9%. The hearing disorder was 78.6% with 1.3% of them using hearing-assistant apparatus. Results from single factor analysis showed that the average levels of 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz hearing thresholds were significantly different among elderly with different age, sex, education background and the levels of glucose and cholesterin (P < 0.01). Results of accumulative logistics regression showed that except glucose in which was the only one included in regression model of lower median frequency group, all the others were included in regression model of frequency group. Being male, older age and with higher level of glucose and cholesterin in blood were risk factors causing hearing impairment. Higher education level seemed to be a preventive factor.
Hearing impairment appeared in higher prevalence among the elderly population, suggesting that proper measures should be taken. It is beneficial for abating hearing impairment to decrease the level of glucose and cholesterin in blood.
研究太原市社区老年人群听力障碍的特点及影响因素。
采用多阶段抽样法从太原市朝阳和关帝社区选取384名60岁以上老年人。通过问卷调查收集听力障碍影响因素的数据。采集5ml空腹血样检测血样中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和胆固醇水平。对所有对象进行双耳听力测试。采用GVSLN-TC-GK2000听力辅助评估仪测量0.5kHz、1kHz、2kHz、3kHz、4kHz、8kHz双耳听力阈值水平。选取3kHz、4kHz较好听力耳的平均听力阈值水平作为因变量。选取社会人口学数据、环境因素和生化指标作为自变量，采用软件SPSS 13.0进行t检验、方差分析和累积逻辑回归分析听力障碍的影响因素。
老年人群听力障碍患病率为90.9%。听力障碍者占78.6%，其中1.3%使用听力辅助器械。单因素分析结果显示，不同年龄、性别、文化程度及血糖和胆固醇水平的老年人3kHz、4kHz、8kHz听力阈值平均水平差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。累积逻辑回归结果显示，除血糖是低频组回归模型中唯一纳入的因素外，其他因素均纳入高频组回归模型。男性、年龄较大以及血液中血糖和胆固醇水平较高是导致听力障碍的危险因素。较高的文化程度似乎是一个预防因素。
老年人群听力障碍患病率较高，应采取适当措施。降低血液中葡萄糖和胆固醇水平有利于减轻听力障碍。
