Dept of Pulmonary Physiology/West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Level 5, G Block, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.
Eur Respir J. 2010 Feb;35(2):273-8. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00194308. Epub 2009 Jul 30.
Asthma prevalence has increased worldwide; although less so in developed countries recently. This study assessed changes in the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in the Busselton community since 1966. Cross-sectional respiratory health surveys of Busselton adults were conducted in 1966, 1969, 1972, 1975, 1981, 1990 and 2005-2007. Logistic regression models were used to estimate prevalence rates of asthma, respiratory symptoms, smoking, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and atopy and to make comparisons in 2005-2007 and previous survey years. Asthma was defined as ever having doctor-diagnosed asthma (DDA). The prevalence of DDA was around 6% from 1966 to 1975, 8% in 1981 and rose to 19% in 2005-2007. From 1981 to 2005-2007, smoking prevalence declined and obesity and atopy increased but changes in these variables explained only a small part of the increase in DDA. Wheeze and cough/phlegm increased but AHR, breathlessness and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis remained relatively stable over the same period. These observations indicate that the increase in DDA is partly explained by increased symptoms and atopy. The lack of changes in AHR and doctor-diagnosed bronchitis suggests that factors such as diagnostic transfer and increased awareness of asthma have also contributed to the rise in prevalence of DDA.
哮喘的发病率在全球范围内有所增加；尽管最近在发达国家的发病率有所下降。本研究评估了自 1966 年以来巴斯顿社区哮喘和相关症状的流行率变化。1966 年、1969 年、1972 年、1975 年、1981 年、1990 年和 2005-2007 年对巴斯顿成年人进行了横断面呼吸健康调查。使用逻辑回归模型来估计哮喘、呼吸道症状、吸烟、气道高反应性（AHR）和过敏的流行率，并比较 2005-2007 年和以前的调查年份。哮喘定义为曾被医生诊断为哮喘（DDA）。1966 年至 1975 年，DDA 的患病率约为 6%，1981 年上升至 8%，2005-2007 年上升至 19%。1981 年至 2005-2007 年，吸烟率下降，肥胖和过敏增加，但这些变量的变化仅解释了 DDA 增加的一小部分。喘息和咳嗽/咳痰增加，但 AHR、呼吸困难和医生诊断的支气管炎在同一时期相对稳定。这些观察结果表明，DDA 的增加部分是由于症状和过敏增加所致。AHR 和医生诊断的支气管炎没有变化表明，诊断转移和对哮喘的认识提高等因素也导致了 DDA 患病率的上升。
