Pereda N, Forns M, Kirchner T, Muñoz D
Departament de Personalitat, Avaluació i Tractament Psicològics, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Child Care Health Dev. 2009 Nov;35(6):841-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.00991.x. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
The process by which children cope with stressful events is a very relevant topic. However, few systematic efforts have been made to design age-specific measures.
This study examined problems commonly experienced by children, ages between 7 and 12 years, from two different sources: a primary school mainly enrolling families of medium socio-economic status, and an after-school social care centre from a socially and economically deprived neighbourhood. Data were obtained using the younger version of the Kidcope.
Almost 55% of the sample reported a problem related to others with no differences observed in age, gender or school group. The strategies that children considered the most effective were 'social support' (35%), 'emotional regulation' (33%) and 'wishful thinking' (32%). The children from disadvantaged backgrounds reported different problems mainly related with 'victimization and violence', 'moving house' and conflicts with 'norms and rules' and tended to use avoidant strategies to face them, which could be related to the perception of uncontrollability of these stressors.
This study reported the first descriptive results in the type of problems and coping strategies of two different social groups of Spanish children using the Kidcope. The Kidcope can be useful to screen children for coping abilities at an early age living under stressful conditions in underprivileged sectors of society.
儿童应对压力事件的过程是一个非常相关的话题。然而，在设计针对特定年龄段的测量方法方面，几乎没有进行过系统的努力。
本研究从两个不同来源考察了7至12岁儿童普遍经历的问题：一所主要招收中等社会经济地位家庭子女的小学，以及一个来自社会和经济贫困社区的校外社会护理中心。使用儿童应对量表（Kidcope）的较年轻版本获取数据。
近55%的样本报告了与他人相关的问题，在年龄、性别或学校组别方面未观察到差异。儿童认为最有效的策略是“社会支持”（35%）、“情绪调节”（33%）和“如意算盘”（32%）。来自弱势背景的儿童报告了不同的问题，主要与“受害和暴力”、“搬家”以及与“规范和规则”的冲突有关，并且倾向于使用回避策略来面对这些问题，这可能与他们对这些压力源不可控性的认知有关。
本研究报告了使用儿童应对量表（Kidcope）对西班牙两个不同社会群体儿童的问题类型和应对策略的首次描述性结果。儿童应对量表（Kidcope）可用于在社会弱势群体中处于压力环境下的儿童早期应对能力筛查。
