Bernzweig J, Eisenberg N, Fabes R A
Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1993 Apr;55(2):208-26. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1993.1012.
The purpose of this study was to examine children's coping strategies in situations in which negative events befall the children themselves and contexts in which children observe others in negative situations. Kindergarten and second-grade children and their mothers were interviewed about the children's coping strategies in distressing self- or other-relevant contexts (e.g., when the children themselves were socially rejected or when they observed a peer being rejected). According to both child and maternal reports, children were particularly likely to use instrumental coping strategies when they observed another child's distress; they appeared to prefer distracting and avoidant actions, crying, or support from others when they themselves experienced distress. With age, there also was evidence of a decrease in the use of support-related strategies, and increases in cognitive restructuring, cognitive avoidance, and direct problem-solving. Several sex differences consistent with gender stereotypes also were noted.
本研究的目的是考察儿童在自身遭遇负面事件的情境以及观察他人处于负面情境时的应对策略。研究人员就幼儿园儿童、二年级儿童及其母亲在令人苦恼的自我相关或他人相关情境（例如，当儿童自己遭到社会排斥，或者当他们观察到同伴被排斥时）中的应对策略进行了访谈。根据儿童和母亲的报告，当儿童观察到另一个孩子苦恼时，他们特别可能会使用工具性应对策略；当他们自己经历苦恼时，他们似乎更喜欢分散注意力和回避的行为、哭泣或寻求他人的支持。随着年龄的增长，也有证据表明与寻求支持相关的策略使用减少，而认知重构、认知回避和直接解决问题的策略使用增加。还发现了一些与性别刻板印象相符的性别差异。
