Ong Cheng Yi, Ling Sui Kiong, Ali Rasadah Mat, Chee Chin Fei, Samah Zainon Abu, Ho Anthony Siong Hock, Teo Soo Hwang, Lee Hong Boon
Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation (CARIF), Subang Jaya Medical Centre, 1, Jalan SS12/1A, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
J Photochem Photobiol B. 2009 Sep 4;96(3):216-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2009.06.009. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
One hundred and fifty-five extracts from 93 terrestrial species of plants in Peninsula Malaysia were screened for in vitro photo-cytotoxic activity by means of a cell viability test using a human leukaemia cell-line HL60. These plants which can be classified into 43 plant families are diverse in their type of vegetation and their natural habitat in the wild, and may therefore harbour equally diverse metabolites with potential pharmaceutical properties. Of these, 29 plants, namely three from each of the Clusiaceae, Leguminosae, Rutaceae and Verbenaceae families, two from the Piperaceae family and the remaining 15 are from Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Bignoniaceae, Celastraceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Irvingiaceae, Lauraceae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, Moraceae, Myristicaceae, Myrsinaceae, Olacaceae and Sapindaceae. Hibiscus cannabinus (Malvaceae), Ficus deltoidea (Moraceae), Maranthes corymbosa (Chrysobalanaceae), Micromelum sp., Micromelum minutum and Citrus hystrix (Rutaceae), Cryptocarya griffithiana (Lauraceae), Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae), Scorodocarpus bornensis (Olacaceae), Kokoona reflexa (Celastraceae), Irvingia malayana (Irvingiaceae), Knema curtisii (Myristicaceae), Dysoxylum sericeum (Meliaceae), Garcinia atroviridis, Garcinia mangostana and Calophyllum inophyllum (Clusiaceae), Ervatamia hirta (Apocynaceae), Cassia alata, Entada phaseoloides and Leucaena leucocephala (Leguminosae), Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae), Peronema canescens,Vitex pubescens and Premna odorata (Verbenaceae), Piper mucronatum and Piper sp. (Piperaceae), Ardisia crenata (Myrsinaceae), Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae), Strobilanthes sp. (Acanthaceae) were able to reduce the in vitro cell viability by more than 50% when exposed to 9.6J/cm(2) of a broad spectrum light when tested at a concentration of 20 microg/mL. Six of these active extracts were further fractionated and bio-assayed to yield four photosensitisers, all of which are based on the pheophorbide-a and -b core structures. Our results suggest that the main photosensitisers from terrestrial plants are likely based on the cyclic tetrapyrrole structure and photosensitisers with other structures, if present, are present in minor amounts or are not as active as those with the cyclic tetrapyrrole structure.
采用人白血病细胞系HL60进行细胞活力测试，对马来西亚半岛93种陆生植物的155种提取物进行了体外光细胞毒性活性筛选。这些植物可分为43个植物科，其植被类型和野生自然栖息地各不相同，因此可能含有同样多样的具有潜在药用特性的代谢物。其中，29种植物，即藤黄科、豆科、芸香科和马鞭草科各3种，胡椒科2种，其余15种来自爵床科、夹竹桃科、紫葳科、卫矛科、金虎尾科、 Irvingiaceae、樟科、千屈菜科、锦葵科、楝科、桑科、肉豆蔻科、紫金牛科、铁青树科和无患子科。当以20微克/毫升的浓度进行测试时，大麻槿（锦葵科）、三角叶榕（桑科）、伞花树（金虎尾科）、小苹果属植物、小叶小苹果和酸橙（芸香科）、格里菲隐脉樟（樟科）、荔枝（无患子科）、婆罗洲蒜树（铁青树科）、反折叶卫矛（卫矛科）、马来西亚油桃木（Irvingiaceae）、柯氏红光树（肉豆蔻科）、绢毛鹧鸪花（楝科）、山竹、莽吉柿和红厚壳（藤黄科）、软枝黄蝉（夹竹桃科）、翅荚决明、榼藤子和银合欢（豆科）、印度木蝴蝶（紫葳科）、毛钩藤、毛叶牡荆和毛球紫珠（马鞭草科）、尖叶胡椒和胡椒属植物（胡椒科）、朱砂根（紫金牛科）、散沫花（千屈菜科）、马蓝属植物（爵床科）在暴露于9.6焦耳/平方厘米的广谱光下时，能够使体外细胞活力降低50%以上。对其中6种活性提取物进一步进行分离和生物测定，得到4种光敏剂，所有光敏剂均基于脱镁叶绿酸-a和-b的核心结构。我们的结果表明，陆生植物中的主要光敏剂可能基于环状四吡咯结构，而具有其他结构的光敏剂（如果存在）含量较少或活性不如具有环状四吡咯结构的光敏剂。
