Inhibition of cell proliferation and migration by extracts on breast cancer cells via Rac1 modulation.

In this study, we investigated how leaf and fruit extracts affect the viability and migration of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and the mechanisms of action responsible for these effects. MCF-7 cells treated with the extracts were examined using the sulforhodamine B, colony formation and caspase 3 activity assays, and by Western blotting. extracts were found to inhibit MCF-7 cell growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with 48 h IC values of 57.02 ± 2.85 μg/mL and 131.3 ± 19.2 μg/mL for leaf and fruit extracts, respectively. Further, the leaf extract caused a reduction in MCF-7 cell viability, induction of MCF-7 cell apoptosis and ROS formation, and an increase in caspase 3 activity. Also, the two extracts inhibited MCF-7 cell migration and reduced both and gene expression and MMP9 protein expression. Additionally, extracts greatly reduced expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein Rac1 in the mevalonate pathway. In summary, leaf and fruit extracts reduce breast cancer cell growth, cell viability and cell migration. constituents could, therefore, be useful for augmenting the activity of chemotherapeutic drugs employed to treat breast cancer.