Hallberg Orjan, Johansson Olle
Hallberg Independent Research(1), Polkavägen 14B, 142 65 Trångsund, Sweden.
Pathophysiology. 2010 Jun;17(3):157-60. doi: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.07.001. Epub 2009 Aug 3.
Breast cancer frequently occurs in the left breast among both women and men [R. Roychoudhuri, V. Putcha, H. Møller, Cancer and laterality: a study of the five major paired organs (UK), Cancer Causes Control 17 (2006) 655-662; M.T. Goodman, K.H. Tung, L.R. Wilkens, Comparative epidemiology of breast cancer among men and women in the US, 1996 to 2000, Cancer Causes Control 17 (2006) 127-136; C.I. Perkins, J. Hotes, B.A. Kohler, H.L. Howe, Association between breast cancer laterality and tumor location, United States, 1994-1998, Cancer Causes Control 15 (2004) 637-645; H.A. Weiss, S.S. Devesa, L.A. Brinton, Laterality of breast cancer in the United States, Cancer Causes Control 7 (1996) 539-543; A. Ekbom, H.O. Adami, D. Trichopoulos, M. Lambe, C.C. Hsieh, J. Pontén, Epidemiologic correlates of breast cancer laterality (Sweden), Cancer Causes Control 5 (1994) 510-516]. Moreover, recent results showed that the left side of the body is more prone to melanoma than the right side [D.H. Brewster, M.J. Horner, S. Rowan, P. Jelfs, E. de Vries, E. Pukkala, Left-sided excess of invasive cutaneous melanoma in six countries, Eur. J. Cancer 43 (2007) 2634-2637]. Current explanations for left-sided breast cancer include handedness [L. Titus-Ernstoff, P.A. Newcomb, K.M. Egan, et al., Left-handedness in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, Epidemiology 11 (2000) 181-184; M.A. Kramer, S. Albrecht, R.A. Miller, Handedness and the laterality of breast cancer in women, Nurs. Res. 34 (1985) 333-337; M.K. Ramadhani, S.G. Elias, P.A. van Noord, D.E. Grobbee, P.H. Peeters, C.S. Uiterwaal, Innate left handedness and risk of breast cancer: case-cohort study, BMJ 331 (2005) 882-883], size difference, nursing preference, and brain structure. However, men are affected even more by left laterality than women, thus many of these explanations are unconvincing. Increasing rates of skin melanoma have been associated with immune-disruptive radiation from FM/TV transmitters [O. Hallberg, A theory and model to explain the skin melanoma epidemic, Melanoma Res. 16 (2006) 115-118; O. Hallberg, A reduced repair efficiency can explain increasing melanoma rates, Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 17 (2008) 147-152; O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, Melanoma incidence and frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting, Arch. Environ. Health 57 (2002) 32-40; O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, FM broadcasting exposure time and malignant melanoma incidence, Electromagn. Biol. Med. 24 (2005) 1-8; O. Hallberg, Radio TV towers linked to increased risk of melanoma, Report, available at: http://foodconsumer.org/7777/8888/C_ancer_31/120907442007_Exclusive_report_Radio_TV_towers_linked_to_increased_risk_of_melanoma.shtml, 2007 (accessed 2007)]. Geographical areas covered by several transmitters show higher incidences of melanoma than areas covered by one transmitter. Here we show that a high prevalence of breast cancer and melanoma on the left side of the body may be a logical consequence of sleeping in beds having mattresses containing wave-reflecting metal springs. We found that people tend to sleep for longer periods on their right side, apparently to avoid disturbance by the heartbeat. This puts the left side farther away from the field-attenuating influence of the metal springs in the mattress; thus the left side will spend, on average, more time exposed to stronger combined fields from incident and reflected waves. This hypothesis may also explain why body parts farthest away from the mattress (trunk and upper arms for men; lower limbs and hips for women) have higher melanoma rates than the sun-exposed face area. The implications of this study should promote a critical consideration of population exposure to electromagnetic fields, especially during the night.
乳腺癌在女性和男性中都经常发生在左侧乳房[R. Roychoudhuri, V. Putcha, H. Møller, 《癌症与身体侧性:对五个主要成对器官的研究(英国)》,《癌症病因与控制》17 (2006) 655 - 662;M.T. Goodman, K.H. Tung, L.R. Wilkens, 《1996年至2000年美国男性和女性乳腺癌的比较流行病学》,《癌症病因与控制》17 (2006) 127 - 136;C.I. Perkins, J. Hotes, B.A. Kohler, H.L. Howe, 《1994 - 1998年美国乳腺癌侧性与肿瘤位置的关联》,《癌症病因与控制》15 (2004) 637 - 645;H.A. Weiss, S.S. Devesa, L.A. Brinton, 《美国乳腺癌的侧性》,《癌症病因与控制》7 (1996) 539 - 543;A. Ekbom, H.O. Adami, D. Trichopoulos, M. Lambe, C.C. Hsieh, J. Pontén, 《乳腺癌侧性的流行病学关联(瑞典)》,《癌症病因与控制》5 (1994) 510 - 516]。此外,最近的研究结果表明,身体左侧比右侧更容易患黑色素瘤[D.H. Brewster, M.J. Horner, S. Rowan, P. Jelfs, E. de Vries, E. Pukkala, 《六个国家侵袭性皮肤黑色素瘤左侧优势》,《欧洲癌症杂志》43 (2007) 2634 - 2637]。目前对于左侧乳腺癌的解释包括用手习惯[L. Titus - Ernstoff, P.A. Newcomb, K.M. Egan等,《绝经后女性用手习惯与乳腺癌风险的关系》,《流行病学》11 (2000) 181 - 184;M.A. Kramer, S. Albrecht, R.A. Miller, 《女性用手习惯与乳腺癌侧性》,《护理研究》34 (1985) 333 - 337;M.K. Ramadhani, S.G. Elias, P.A. van Noord, D.E. Grobbee, P.H. Peeters, C.S. Uiterwaal, 《先天性左利手与乳腺癌风险:病例队列研究》,《英国医学杂志》331 (2005) 882 - 883]、尺寸差异、哺乳偏好和脑结构。然而,男性比女性受左侧优势的影响更大,因此这些解释中有许多并不令人信服。皮肤黑色素瘤发病率的上升与调频/电视发射机产生的免疫干扰辐射有关[O. Hallberg, 《一种解释皮肤黑色素瘤流行的理论和模型》,《黑色素瘤研究》16 (2006) 115 - 118;O. Hallberg, 《修复效率降低可解释黑色素瘤发病率上升》,《欧洲癌症预防杂志》17 (2008) 147 - 152;O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, 《黑色素瘤发病率与调频广播》,《环境卫生档案》57 (2002) 32 - 40;O. Hallberg, O. Johansson, 《调频广播暴露时间与恶性黑色素瘤发病率》,《电磁生物学与医学》24 (2005) 1 - 8;O. Hallberg, 《与黑色素瘤风险增加相关的广播电视塔》,报告,可在:http://foodconsumer.org/7777/8888/C_ancer_31/120907442007_Exclusive_report_Radio_TV_towers_linked_to_increased_risk_of_melanoma.shtml, 2007(访问于2007年)]。由多个发射机覆盖的地理区域显示出比由一个发射机覆盖的区域更高的黑色素瘤发病率。在这里,我们表明身体左侧乳腺癌和黑色素瘤的高患病率可能是睡在含有能反射波的金属弹簧床垫的床上的一个合理结果。我们发现人们倾向于右侧卧位睡眠更长时间,显然是为了避免心跳干扰。这使得左侧离床垫中金属弹簧的场衰减影响更远;因此,左侧平均将花费更多时间暴露于来自入射波和反射波的更强的组合场中。这个假设也可以解释为什么离床垫最远的身体部位(男性的躯干和上臂;女性的下肢和臀部)比暴露在阳光下的面部区域有更高的黑色素瘤发病率。这项研究的意义应该促使人们对人群暴露于电磁场的情况进行批判性思考,尤其是在夜间。