氮肥和酒糟干渣添加的影响：育肥牛的饲草利用和性能。
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and dried distillers grains supplementation: forage use and performance of yearling steers.
机构信息
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583, USA.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2009 Nov;87(11):3639-46. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-1795. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
In a 3-yr study, corn dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) were evaluated as a substitute for forage and N fertilizer in yearling steers grazing smooth bromegrass. A total of 135 steers (330 +/- 10 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design to measure the effects of DDGS supplementation and N fertilization on animal and pasture performance. Steers were initially stocked at 6.8 animal unit month (AUM)/ha on nonfertilized smooth bromegrass pastures (CONT), at 9.9 AUM/ha on smooth bromegrass pastures fertilized with 90 kg of N/ha (FERT), or at 9.9 AUM/ha on nonfertilized smooth bromegrass pastures with 2.3 kg of DDGS DM supplemented daily (SUPP). Paddock was the experimental unit, with 3 replications per year for 3 yr. Paddocks were strip-grazed and put-and-take cattle were used to maintain similar grazing pressure among treatment paddocks during the 160-d grazing season. In vitro DM disappearance declined quadratically (P < 0.01), whereas CP and standing crop showed cubic responses (P < 0.01) throughout the grazing season. Crude protein was greater (P < 0.05) for FERT compared with CONT and SUPP. Standing crop was 18% greater (P < 0.01) for FERT than CONT and was 10% greater (P < 0.01) than SUPP. Adjusted stocking rates (AUM/ha) were greater (P < 0.01) for FERT and SUPP compared with CONT. Final BW were greater (P < 0.01) for SUPP steers compared with CONT and FERT steers. Similar results were observed for ADG, with SUPP steers gaining more (P < 0.01) compared with CONT and FERT steers. Total BW gain per hectare was increased (P < 0.01) by 53% with FERT and by 105% with SUPP. Feedlot ADG was similar among treatments (P = 0.88), and SUPP steers maintained their BW advantage through the finishing phase. Dried distillers grains can be used to substitute effectively for N fertilizer by increasing the performance of yearling steers grazing smooth bromegrass and increasing stocking rates compared with nonfertilized pastures.
在一项为期 3 年的研究中，以玉米干酒糟及其可溶物（DDGS）替代饲料和氮肥，评估其对放牧一年生阉牛的影响。共有 135 头阉牛（330 ± 10 公斤）采用随机完全区组设计，以测量 DDGS 补充和氮肥对动物和牧场表现的影响。最初，在未施肥的光滑三叶草草地上，将牛以 6.8 个动物单位月（AUM）/公顷（CONT）、在施肥 90 公斤/公顷（FERT）的光滑三叶草草地上以 9.9 AUM/ha 或在未施肥的光滑三叶草草地上以每天 2.3 公斤 DDGS DM 补充（SUPP）的方式进行放牧。围场是实验单位，每年进行 3 次重复，共 3 年。围场采用条带放牧，采用放收式放牧牛来维持在 160 天的放牧季节中各处理围场之间相似的放牧压力。体外干物质消失呈二次方（P < 0.01），而 CP 和立枯作物呈立方反应（P < 0.01），整个放牧季节都是如此。与 CONT 和 SUPP 相比，FERT 的粗蛋白更高（P < 0.05）。FERT 的立枯作物比 CONT 高 18%（P < 0.01），比 SUPP 高 10%（P < 0.01）。调整后的放牧率（AUM/ha）在 FERT 和 SUPP 时高于 CONT。SUPP 阉牛的终重高于 CONT 和 FERT 阉牛（P < 0.01）。ADG 也观察到类似的结果，SUPP 阉牛的增重更高（P < 0.01），与 CONT 和 FERT 阉牛相比。FERT 和 SUPP 使每公顷的总增重分别增加了 53%（P < 0.01）和 105%（P < 0.01）。处理间的育肥场 ADG 相似（P = 0.88），而 SUPP 阉牛通过育肥阶段保持了其体重优势。与未施肥的牧场相比，DDGS 可以通过提高一年生阉牛的放牧表现和提高放牧率，有效地替代氮肥。
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