Wasilewska Jolanta, Jarocka-Cyrta Elzbieta, Kaczmarski Maciej
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Klinika Pediatrii, Gastroenterologii i Alergologii.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2009 Jul;27(157):40-3.
The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by socially aloof behavior and impairment of language and social interaction. This paper is a review of literature on gastrointestinal problems in children with ASD. Gastrointestinal symptoms are described in 9-54% of autistic children, among which most common are: constipation, diarrhea and abdominal distension. The gastro-intestinal abnormalities reported in autism include: inflammation (esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis, enterocolitis) with or without autoimmunity, lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, increased intestinal permeability, low activities of disaccharidase enzymes, impairment of detoxification (e.g. defective sulfation of ingested phenolic amines), dysbiosis with bacterial overgrowth, food intolerance or exorphin intoxication (by opioid derived from casein and gluten). A beneficial effect of dietary intervention on behavior and cognition of some autistic children indicates a functional relationship between the alimentary tract and the central nervous system. There are no epidemiologic data concerning the incidence or prevalence of gastrointestinal problems within the population of children with ASD in comparison to the population of non-ASD children.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是社交冷漠行为以及语言和社交互动受损。本文是对自闭症谱系障碍儿童胃肠道问题的文献综述。9%至54%的自闭症儿童存在胃肠道症状，其中最常见的是：便秘、腹泻和腹胀。自闭症中报告的胃肠道异常包括：伴有或不伴有自身免疫的炎症（食管炎、胃炎、十二指肠炎、小肠结肠炎）、淋巴样结节增生、肠道通透性增加、二糖酶活性降低、解毒功能受损（如摄入的酚胺硫酸化缺陷）、细菌过度生长导致的肠道菌群失调、食物不耐受或外啡肽中毒（由酪蛋白和麸质衍生的阿片类物质引起）。饮食干预对一些自闭症儿童的行为和认知有有益影响，这表明消化道与中枢神经系统之间存在功能关系。与非自闭症谱系障碍儿童群体相比，目前尚无关于自闭症谱系障碍儿童群体中胃肠道问题发病率或患病率的流行病学数据。
