Boles David B, Adair Lindsey P, Joubert Anne-Marie
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35405, USA.
J Gen Psychol. 2009 Jul;136(3):243-58. doi: 10.3200/GENP.136.3.243-260.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in spatial and sustained attention processes normally linked to the right parietal and frontal lobes. However, data on lateralization changes in attention processes are sparse. Little research has addressed whether the problems may reflect a more widespread lateralization disorder or whether there are lateralization changes over time. To address these issues, the authors examined several tasks, each using a lateralized process largely localized to a particular lobe and 2 age ranges (11-14 and 18-26 years) of unmedicated ADHD participants and control participants. ADHD children bisected lines significantly more rightward compared with control children, indicating an altered spatial attention process normally localized to the right parietal lobe. This problem was absent in young adults, suggesting a developmental resolution. The authors observed sustained attention decrements at both ages appearing earlier in the left hemisphere during a vigil. Finally, in these preliminary data, ADHD-related problems appeared specific to attention processes.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与空间注意力和持续注意力过程的缺陷有关，这些过程通常与右侧顶叶和额叶相关联。然而，关于注意力过程中脑半球偏侧化变化的数据很少。很少有研究探讨这些问题是否可能反映了更广泛的脑半球偏侧化障碍，或者是否存在随时间变化的脑半球偏侧化改变。为了解决这些问题，作者研究了几项任务，每项任务都使用了主要定位于特定脑叶的偏侧化过程，并对未用药的ADHD参与者和对照参与者的两个年龄范围（11 - 14岁和18 - 26岁）进行了研究。与对照儿童相比，ADHD儿童将线段二等分的结果明显更偏向右侧，这表明通常定位于右侧顶叶的空间注意力过程发生了改变。在年轻成年人中不存在这个问题，这表明该问题在发育过程中得到了解决。作者观察到，在警觉期间，两个年龄段的持续注意力下降在左半球出现得更早。最后，在这些初步数据中，与ADHD相关的问题似乎特定于注意力过程。
