Crowell Michael D, Harris Lucinda A, Lunsford Tisha N, Dibaise John K
Mayo Clinic, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Scottsdale, 13400 East Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2009 Sep;14(3):493-504. doi: 10.1517/14728210903146890.
Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. CC is estimated to affect up to 27% of the North American population. Although not life-threatening, CC can have profoundly negatively affects on quality of life and result in significant economic burden in terms of both direct and indirect healthcare costs. Possible etiologies for CC include alterations in gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Research efforts in CC have begun to identify multifactorial and often overlapping etiologies including abnormalities in myenteric neurons, alterations in neurotransmitters and their receptors, and incoordination of the muscles of the pelvic floor or anorectum. CC may be influenced by genetic predisposition, environmental factors and stress. In this article, the safety and efficacy of traditional and emerging therapies for CC are examined.
慢性便秘（CC）是最常见的功能性胃肠疾病之一。据估计，北美高达27%的人口受慢性便秘影响。虽然慢性便秘不会危及生命，但它会对生活质量产生严重负面影响，并在直接和间接医疗费用方面导致巨大的经济负担。慢性便秘的可能病因包括胃肠动力和分泌的改变。针对慢性便秘的研究已开始确定多因素且往往相互重叠的病因，包括肌间神经元异常、神经递质及其受体的改变，以及盆底或肛门直肠肌肉的不协调。慢性便秘可能受遗传易感性、环境因素和压力的影响。在本文中，将对慢性便秘传统疗法和新出现疗法的安全性和有效性进行研究。
