Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Public Health Nutr. 2009 Nov;12(11):2236-46. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009990577. Epub 2009 Aug 4.
The WHO has recommended that prevention of overweight and obesity should begin early and target adults, including those with an acceptable BMI. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review published interventions with a specific stated aim to prevent weight gain.
Five databases were searched to July 2008. The reference lists of review articles and obesity society meetings abstracts were hand searched. Interventions were included if the primary aim was to prevent weight gain and they included a comparison group.
Ten publications were included, describing nine separate interventions in adults of various ages and target populations. All interventions incorporated diet and physical activity with behaviour change strategies. Most studies were between 1 and 3 years in duration. Five studies reported a significant difference in weight between intervention and control subjects of between 1.0 and 3.5 kg, due largely to an increase in weight in the control group. However, there was a lack of consistent, clear, psychological models and a failure to identify successful components. More intensive interventions were not always successful, nor were mail-only or clinic-based interventions. In contrast, interventions that included mixed modes of delivery with some personal contact were successful.
There were relatively few trials aimed at the prevention of weight gain. Existing trials varied by intensity, delivery methods, target groups and study components, and therefore provide limited opportunities for comparison of effect size. Further large, effective, evidence-based programmes are urgently needed in the general population as well as high-risk groups.
世界卫生组织（WHO）建议，超重和肥胖的预防应尽早开始，针对的对象是成年人，包括那些身体质量指数（BMI）正常的成年人。本研究旨在系统性地回顾已发表的干预性研究，这些研究的目标是预防体重增加。
从 2008 年 7 月开始，在五个数据库中进行了检索。还手工查阅了综述文章的参考文献列表和肥胖学会会议摘要。如果主要目的是预防体重增加且包含对照组，则将干预措施纳入研究。
共纳入 10 篇文献，描述了 9 项针对不同年龄和目标人群的成年人的独立干预措施。所有干预措施都包含饮食和身体活动以及行为改变策略。大多数研究的持续时间为 1 至 3 年。五项研究报告称，干预组和对照组之间的体重差异有统计学意义（体重差值为 1.0 至 3.5kg），主要是由于对照组的体重增加。但是，缺乏一致、清晰的心理模型，也无法确定成功的干预因素。更密集的干预措施并不总是成功的，邮件或仅诊所为基础的干预措施也不总是成功的。相比之下，包括混合模式的传递并包含一些个人接触的干预措施是成功的。
旨在预防体重增加的试验相对较少。现有的试验在强度、传递方式、目标人群和研究内容方面存在差异，因此，比较其效果大小的机会有限。在普通人群和高危人群中，迫切需要进一步开展大型、有效、基于证据的项目。
