Awoke Mamaru Ayenew, Skouteris Helen, Makama Maureen, Harrison Cheryce L, Wycherley Thomas Philip, Moran Lisa J
Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
J Clin Med. 2021 Jun 4;10(11):2485. doi: 10.3390/jcm10112485.
Reproductive-age women often see increased weight gain, which carries an increased risk of long-term overweight and obesity and adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Supporting women to achieve optimal weight through lifestyle modification (diet and physical activity) is of critical importance to reduce weight gain across key reproductive life-stages (preconception, pregnancy and postpartum). This review comprehensively summarizes the current state of knowledge on the contribution of diet and physical activity to weight gain and weight gain prevention in reproductive-aged women. Suboptimal diets including a higher proportion of discretionary choices or energy intake from fats, added sugars, sweets or processed foods are associated with higher weight gain, whereas increased consumption of core foods including fruits, vegetables and whole grains and engaging in regular physical activity are associated with reduced weight gain in reproductive age women. Diet and physical activity contributing to excessive gestational weight gain are well documented. However, there is limited research assessing diet and physical activity components associated with weight gain during the preconception and postpartum period. This review highlights the need for further research to identify key dietary and physical activity components targeting the critical windows of reproductive life-stages in women to best guide interventions to prevent weight gain.
育龄妇女通常体重增加，这会增加长期超重和肥胖的风险，以及母婴健康不良后果的风险。支持女性通过生活方式改变（饮食和体育活动）实现最佳体重，对于减少关键生殖生命阶段（孕前、孕期和产后）的体重增加至关重要。本综述全面总结了目前关于饮食和体育活动对育龄妇女体重增加和预防体重增加的贡献的知识现状。包括较高比例的自由选择食物或来自脂肪、添加糖、甜食或加工食品的能量摄入的不理想饮食，与更高的体重增加相关，而增加包括水果、蔬菜和全谷物在内的核心食物的摄入量以及进行定期体育活动，与育龄妇女体重增加减少相关。饮食和体育活动导致孕期体重过度增加已有充分记录。然而，评估孕前和产后期间与体重增加相关的饮食和体育活动成分的研究有限。本综述强调需要进一步研究，以确定针对女性生殖生命阶段关键窗口期的关键饮食和体育活动成分，从而最好地指导预防体重增加的干预措施。
