Hyun Joo-seok, Woodman Geoffrey F, Vogel Edward K, Hollingworth Andrew, Luck Steven J
Department of Psychology, Chug-ang University, Seoul, Korea.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Aug;35(4):1140-60. doi: 10.1037/a0015019.
The human visual system can notice differences between memories of previous visual inputs and perceptions of new visual inputs, but the comparison process that detects these differences has not been well characterized. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that differences between the memory of a stimulus array and the perception of a new array are detected in a manner that is analogous to the detection of simple features in visual search tasks. That is, just as the presence of a task-relevant feature in visual search can be detected in parallel, triggering a rapid shift of attention to the object containing the feature, the presence of a memory-percept difference along a task-relevant dimension can be detected in parallel, triggering a rapid shift of attention to the changed object. Supporting evidence was obtained in a series of experiments in which manual reaction times, saccadic reaction times, and event-related potential latencies were examined. However, these experiments also showed that a slow, limited-capacity process must occur before the observer can make a manual change detection response.
人类视觉系统能够察觉到先前视觉输入的记忆与新视觉输入的感知之间的差异，但检测这些差异的比较过程尚未得到很好的描述。在本研究中，作者测试了这样一个假设，即刺激阵列的记忆与新阵列的感知之间的差异是以类似于视觉搜索任务中简单特征检测的方式被检测到的。也就是说，正如在视觉搜索中与任务相关的特征的存在可以被并行检测到，从而触发注意力迅速转移到包含该特征的物体上一样，沿着与任务相关的维度存在的记忆-感知差异也可以被并行检测到，从而触发注意力迅速转移到发生变化的物体上。在一系列实验中获得了支持证据，这些实验考察了手动反应时间、眼跳反应时间和事件相关电位潜伏期。然而，这些实验还表明，在观察者能够做出手动变化检测反应之前，必须发生一个缓慢的、容量有限的过程。
