Ghosh Kaya, Weiss Louis M
Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2009;2009:926521. doi: 10.1155/2009/926521. Epub 2009 Aug 2.
The Microsporidia are a ubiquitous group of eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasites which were recognized over 100 years ago with the description of Nosema bombycis, a parasite of silkworms. It is now appreciated that these organisms are related to the Fungi. Microsporidia infect all major animal groups most often as gastrointestinal pathogens; however they have been reported from every tissue and organ, and their spores are common in environmental sources such as ditch water. Several different genera of these organisms infect humans, but the majority of infections are due to either Enterocytozoon bieneusi or Encephalitozoon species. These pathogens can be difficult to diagnose, but significant progress has been made in the last decade in the development of molecular diagnostic reagents for these organisms. This report reviews the molecular diagnostic tests that have been described for the identification of the microsporidia that infect humans.
微孢子虫是一类普遍存在的真核细胞内专性寄生虫，100多年前随着家蚕微孢子虫（一种蚕的寄生虫）的描述而被人们认识。现在人们认识到这些生物与真菌有关。微孢子虫感染所有主要动物群体，最常见的是作为胃肠道病原体；然而，在每个组织和器官中都有它们的报道，并且它们的孢子在诸如沟渠水等环境来源中很常见。这些生物的几个不同属感染人类，但大多数感染是由贝氏肠孢子虫或脑炎微孢子虫属引起的。这些病原体可能难以诊断，但在过去十年中，针对这些生物的分子诊断试剂的开发取得了重大进展。本报告回顾了已描述的用于鉴定感染人类的微孢子虫的分子诊断试验。
