Hedman E, Ringberg K, Gabre P
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Public Dental Health, Uppsala County Council, Sweden.
Int J Dent Hyg. 2009 Aug;7(3):204-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00391.x.
The aim of the study was to describe and interpret dental professionals' view of knowledge, learning, health promotion and their expectations of and attitudes to the response from schoolchildren.
A qualitative study design was used with discourse method. Nine dental hygienists and dental nurses, who have practised oral health education among schoolchildren, described their work in tape-recorded, semi-structured interviews. The discourse method stresses the variation and distinctions in the statements, and to understand the content of the text, its contextual dependence must be taken into account.
The preventive discourse could be found in all interviews, but it was concentrated on disease prevention and less on maintaining health. The biomedical view of knowledge dominated. Children's and parent's own responsibility for healthy habits was stressed, but no reflection of ethical considerations associated with influencing people's life-style was found. The text revealed discrepancy between the informants, and even within the same individual, showing ambivalence towards oral health education. Some individuals suggested lessons guided by communication with the children, while others wanted to maintain methods based on information about oral diseases to a greater extent.
Different perspectives were found. The expression 'oral health promotion' was frequently used and supported by all the interviewed informants, but the statements did not reveal the informant's definition of the concept. Several educators focused on signs of diseases and less on the individual's view of their own health. In the future, oral health education programme needs to focus on quality of life, behavioural variables and indicators of empowerment rather than just disease outcomes.
本研究旨在描述和解读牙科专业人员对知识、学习、健康促进的看法，以及他们对学童反应的期望和态度。
采用定性研究设计及话语分析法。九名在学童中开展口腔健康教育的牙科保健员和牙科护士，在录音的半结构化访谈中描述了他们的工作。话语分析法强调陈述中的差异和区别，要理解文本内容，必须考虑其上下文依赖性。
在所有访谈中都能发现预防性话语，但主要集中在疾病预防而非健康维护上。知识的生物医学观点占主导。强调了儿童和家长对健康习惯的自身责任，但未发现对与影响人们生活方式相关的伦理考量的反思。文本揭示了受访者之间甚至同一受访者内部的差异，显示出对口腔健康教育的矛盾态度。一些人建议通过与儿童沟通来指导课程，而另一些人则希望更大程度地维持基于口腔疾病信息的方法。
发现了不同的观点。所有受访对象都频繁使用并支持“口腔健康促进”这一表述，但陈述并未揭示受访者对该概念的定义。一些教育工作者关注疾病迹象，而较少关注个人对自身健康的看法。未来，口腔健康教育项目需要关注生活质量、行为变量和赋权指标，而不仅仅是疾病结果。
