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精神变态者的所有道德类型都会受到损害吗?

Are all types of morality compromised in psychopathy?

作者信息

Glenn Andrea L, Iyer Ravi, Graham Jesse, Koleva Spassena, Haidt Jonathan

机构信息

University of Pennsylvania, USA.

出版信息

J Pers Disord. 2009 Aug;23(4):384-98. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2009.23.4.384.

Abstract

A long-standing puzzle for moral philosophers and psychologists alike is the concept of psychopathy, a personality disorder marked by tendencies to defy moral norms despite cognitive knowledge about right and wrong. Previously, discussions of the moral deficits of psychopathy have focused on willingness to harm and cheat others as well as reasoning about rule-based transgressions. Yet recent research in moral psychology has begun to more clearly define the domains of morality, encompassing issues of harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, and spiritual purity. Clinical descriptions and theories of psychopathy suggest that deficits may exist primarily in the areas of harm and fairness, although quantitative evidence is scarce. Within a broad sample of participants, we found that scores on a measure of psychopathy predicted sharply lower scores on the harm and fairness subscales of a measure of moral concern, but showed no relationship with authority, and very small relationships with in group and purity. On a measure of willingness to violate moral standards for money, psychopathy scores predicted greater willingness to violate moral concerns of any type. Results are further explored via potential mediators and analyses of the two factors of psychopathy.

摘要

长期以来,道德哲学家和心理学家都面临一个难题,即心理变态的概念,这是一种人格障碍,其特征是尽管知道是非对错,但仍有违背道德规范的倾向。此前,关于心理变态道德缺陷的讨论主要集中在伤害和欺骗他人的意愿以及对违反规则行为的推理上。然而,近期道德心理学的研究开始更清晰地界定道德领域,涵盖伤害、公平、忠诚、权威和精神纯洁等问题。心理变态的临床描述和理论表明,缺陷可能主要存在于伤害和公平领域,尽管定量证据很少。在广泛的参与者样本中,我们发现,心理变态量表的得分预示着道德关注量表中伤害和公平子量表的得分会大幅降低,但与权威无关,与群体内和纯洁性的关系也非常小。在衡量为金钱而违反道德标准的意愿时,心理变态得分预示着更愿意违反任何类型的道德关注。通过潜在中介变量以及对心理变态两个因素的分析,对结果进行了进一步探讨。

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