Pharmaceutics Project Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S.Gour University, Sagar (M.P) 470003, India.
Curr Drug Targets. 2009 Oct;10(10):950-67. doi: 10.2174/138945009789577918.
Local skin targeting is of interest for the pharmaceutical and the cosmetic industry. A topically applied substance has basically three possibilities to penetrate into the skin: transcellular, intercellular, and follicular. The transfollicular path has been largely ignored because hair follicles constitute only 0.1% of the total skin. The hair follicle is a skin appendage with a complex structure containing many cell types that produce highly specialised proteins. The hair follicle is in a continuous cycle: anagen is the hair growth phase, catagen the involution phase and telogen is the resting phase. Nonetheless, the hair follicle has great potential for skin treatment, owing to its deep extension into the dermis and thus provides much deeper penetration and absorption of compounds beneath the skin than seen with the transdermal route. In the case of skin diseases and of cosmetic products, delivery to sweat glands or to the pilosebaceous unit is essential for the effectiveness of the drug. Increased accumulation in the pilosebaceous unit could treat alopecia, acne and skin cancer more efficiently and improve the effect of cosmetic substances and nutrients. Therefore, we review herein various drug delivery systems, including liposomes, niosomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, lipid nanocarriers, gene therapy and discuss the results of recent researches. We also review the drugs which have been investigated for pilosebaceous delivery.
局部皮肤靶向是制药和化妆品行业感兴趣的领域。局部应用的物质基本上有三种渗透皮肤的可能性：经细胞、细胞间和毛囊。经毛囊途径在很大程度上被忽视了，因为毛囊仅占皮肤总面积的 0.1%。毛囊是一种具有复杂结构的皮肤附属物，包含许多产生高度特化蛋白质的细胞类型。毛囊处于连续循环中：生长期是毛发生长阶段，退行期是退化阶段，休止期是休息阶段。尽管如此，由于其深入真皮的延伸，毛囊具有很大的皮肤治疗潜力，从而为皮肤下的化合物提供了比经皮途径更深的渗透和吸收。在皮肤病和化妆品产品的情况下，向汗腺或皮脂腺输送药物对于药物的有效性至关重要。在皮脂腺中积累更多的药物可以更有效地治疗脱发、痤疮和皮肤癌，并改善化妆品物质和营养素的效果。因此，我们在此综述了各种药物输送系统，包括脂质体、非离子囊泡、微球、纳米颗粒、纳米乳液、脂质纳米载体、基因治疗，并讨论了最近研究的结果。我们还回顾了已经研究用于皮脂腺输送的药物。
