Freitas Marisa, Lima José L F C, Fernandes Eduarda
REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha 164, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal.
Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Sep 1;649(1):8-23. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.063. Epub 2009 Jul 4.
Neutrophils, also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), are the most common type of white blood cells, comprising about 50-70% of all white blood cells. In the event of inflammatory processes, neutrophils display increased mobility, tissue influx ability, prolonged life span, and an increased phagocytic capacity, constituting the initial participants in the cellular defense of the organism. One of the most important defense systems of neutrophils corresponds to their ability to mediate a strong oxidative burst through the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). While oxidative burst is important for the elimination of invading microorganisms, the overproduction of ROS and RNS or the impairment of endogenous antioxidant defenses may result to detrimental effects to the host. The nature and the extent of ROS and RNS production by neutrophils in response to different stimuli is, consequently, a matter of extensive research, with scientific reports showing an enormous variability on the detection methodologies employed. This review attempts to provide a critical assessment of the most common approaches to identify and quantify reactive species formed during the neutrophils' oxidative burst. The detection mechanisms and performance, as well as advantages and limitations of the different methodologies, are scrutinized, focusing on the use of fluorimetric, chemiluminometric and colorimetric probes.
中性粒细胞，也被称为多形核白细胞（PMN），是最常见的白细胞类型，约占所有白细胞的50%-70%。在炎症过程中，中性粒细胞表现出更高的迁移率、组织浸润能力、更长的寿命以及更强的吞噬能力，是机体细胞防御的初始参与者。中性粒细胞最重要的防御系统之一是它们通过形成活性氧（ROS）和活性氮（RNS）来介导强烈氧化爆发的能力。虽然氧化爆发对于消除入侵微生物很重要，但ROS和RNS的过度产生或内源性抗氧化防御的受损可能会对宿主产生有害影响。因此，中性粒细胞在不同刺激下产生ROS和RNS的性质和程度是广泛研究的课题，科学报告显示所采用的检测方法存在巨大差异。本综述试图对识别和量化中性粒细胞氧化爆发过程中形成的活性物质的最常用方法进行批判性评估。对不同方法的检测机制和性能以及优缺点进行了审查，重点关注荧光、化学发光和比色探针的使用。
