Lee Susan S, Hughes Patrick M, Robinson Michael R
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2009 Nov;20(6):511-9. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e328330ccb9.
To examine recent advances in the development of pharmacological agents and drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular conditions associated with systemic diseases including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, uveitis, and HIV-related retinitis.
Corticosteroids, vascular endothelial-derived growth factor antagonists, and anti-inflammatory agents have been investigated for treating ocular conditions associated with systemic diseases. Systemic pharmacotherapy for specifically treating eye diseases is discouraged as side effects may exacerbate preexisting conditions in patients with a debilitating systemic disease. Local therapy with injections into the vitreous has demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy and safety in treating certain ocular diseases; however, its usefulness in some cases can be limited by a short duration of action and the need for frequent readministration. Efforts have been underway to develop more effective drug delivery systems, such as sustained-release drug implants, to overcome these limitations.
Pharmacological agents are currently under investigation, and some have been FDA approved, for the treatment of ocular conditions associated with systemic disease. Advances in the development of drug delivery systems for these agents are expected to further improve the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for ocular diseases in the future.
探讨用于治疗与全身性疾病相关眼部疾病（包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞、葡萄膜炎和HIV相关视网膜炎）的药物制剂和药物递送系统的最新进展。
已对皮质类固醇、血管内皮生长因子拮抗剂和抗炎药进行研究，用于治疗与全身性疾病相关的眼部疾病。不鼓励采用专门治疗眼部疾病的全身药物疗法，因为副作用可能会加重患有衰弱性全身性疾病患者的现有病情。玻璃体注射局部治疗在某些眼部疾病的治疗中已显示出不同程度的疗效和安全性；然而，在某些情况下，其效用可能会受到作用持续时间短和需要频繁再次给药的限制。目前正在努力开发更有效的药物递送系统，如缓释药物植入物，以克服这些限制。
目前正在对药物制剂进行研究，其中一些已获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准，用于治疗与全身性疾病相关的眼部疾病。预计这些药物的药物递送系统开发进展将在未来进一步提高眼部疾病药物治疗的疗效和安全性。
