Tyan Yu-Chang, Yang Ming-Hui, Jong Shiang-Bin, Wang Chih-Kuang, Shiea Jentaie
Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shi-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Oct;395(3):729-35. doi: 10.1007/s00216-009-3009-0. Epub 2009 Aug 11.
In the summer of 2008, serious illnesses and deaths of babies in China were linked to melamine-tainted powdered infant formula. Melamine contains several metabolites, such as ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid, and has been used for the adulteration of foods or milk to increase their apparent protein content. It is assumed that melamine and its metabolites are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, and precipitate in the kidney to form crystals. A new tolerable daily intake of 0.2 mg kg(-1) body weight was adapted by the World Health Organization in 2008. This paper reviews the variety of analytical methods that have been used for the analysis of melamine in food. The limit of detection of these various methods is 0.05-100 ppm. The maximum acceptable concentration in food has been set at 50 ppb by the US FDA. A fast and ultrasensitive procedure for screening, detection, and characterization of melamine and its derivative compounds needs to be established. Currently, mass-spectrometry technologies provide an alternative to derivatization for regulatory analysis of food.
2008年夏天，中国婴儿的重病和死亡与受三聚氰胺污染的婴儿配方奶粉有关。三聚氰胺含有多种代谢物，如三聚氰酸一酰胺、三聚氰酸二酰胺和氰尿酸，曾被用于食品或牛奶掺假以提高其表观蛋白质含量。据推测，三聚氰胺及其代谢物在胃肠道被吸收，并在肾脏中沉淀形成晶体。2008年，世界卫生组织采用了0.2毫克/千克体重的新每日耐受摄入量。本文综述了用于食品中三聚氰胺分析的各种分析方法。这些不同方法的检测限为0.05 - 100 ppm。美国食品药品监督管理局将食品中的最大可接受浓度设定为50 ppb。需要建立一种快速、超灵敏的方法来筛查、检测和鉴定三聚氰胺及其衍生化合物。目前，质谱技术为食品监管分析提供了一种替代衍生化的方法。
