Pharmacy Department, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2009 Nov;18(11):1080-5. doi: 10.1002/pds.1823.
Previous research and reporting has focused on the incidence and prevention of medication errors in the hospital setting; however, no previous study has reported the frequencies, characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital medication (OHME) errors.
Data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) was collected for 2000-2005 and information regarding out-of-hospital medication errors reported to Poison Control Centers (PCC) was collected by a trained investigator.
From 2000-2005 there were 1,166,116 OHME reported to PCC. Of these patients, 88,451 (7.5%) received medical evaluation by a healthcare provided and 229 (0.01%) deaths reported. The most common drug classes involved included cough/cold medications, analgesics, cardiovascular agents, antihistamines, antidepressants and antimicrobial agents. The most common error reported in both children and adults was taking or giving medication twice.
OHME occur frequently and the NPDS may be a useful resource for data collection and evaluation in this previously overlooked population. The majority of OHME reported did not result in any significant morbidity or mortality and were managed at home without need for healthcare referrral. Further study of OHME is needed, and in particular whether healthcare professionals can target educational instruction to patients so as to effectively reduce the frequency of the most common or injurious errors.
之前的研究和报告主要集中在医院环境中药物错误的发生率和预防上；然而，以前没有研究报告过院外用药（OHME）错误的频率、特征和结果。
收集了 2000 年至 2005 年全国毒物数据系统（NPDS）的数据，并由经过培训的调查员收集了向毒物控制中心（PCC）报告的院外用药错误信息。
在 2000 年至 2005 年期间，有 1166116 例 OHME 向 PCC 报告。在这些患者中，有 88451 例（7.5%）接受了医疗保健人员的医疗评估，有 229 例（0.01%）报告死亡。涉及的最常见药物类别包括咳嗽/感冒药物、镇痛药、心血管药物、抗组胺药、抗抑郁药和抗菌药物。在儿童和成人中最常见的错误是服用或给予药物两次。
OHME 经常发生，NPDS 可能是一个有用的资源，可用于收集和评估以前被忽视的人群的数据。报告的大多数 OHME 并未导致任何明显的发病率或死亡率，并且在家中得到管理，无需医疗保健转介。需要进一步研究 OHME，特别是医疗保健专业人员是否可以针对患者进行教育指导，以有效降低最常见或最有害错误的频率。
