Elewski Boni E
University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA.
Cutis. 2009 Jun;83(6):333-8.
Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can vary in presentation from mild dandruff to dense, diffuse, adherent scale. The disorder occurs throughout the world without racial or geographic predominance; it is more common in males than females. Its precise etiology remains unknown, but the condition is strongly associated with lipophilic Malassezia yeasts found among the normal skin flora and represents a cofactor linked to several risk factors, including T-cell depression, increased sebum levels, and activation of the alternative complement pathway. The goal of treatment is symptom control, with an emphasis on the importance of maintaining patient adherence to therapy to achieve low rates of recurrence. Available therapies include corticosteroids, antifungal agents, immunomodulators, and medicated keratolytic shampoos. Although corticosteroids are associated with recurrence, they sometimes may be recommended in combination with antifungal agents. Antifungal therapy is considered primary, but some agents are more effective than others because of their favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, high rates of absorption, anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties, and vehicle.
脂溢性皮炎是一种常见的慢性炎症性皮肤病，其表现形式多样，从轻度头皮屑到密集、弥漫性、附着性鳞屑不等。这种疾病在世界各地均有发生，没有种族或地域优势；男性比女性更常见。其确切病因尚不清楚，但该病症与正常皮肤菌群中发现的亲脂性马拉色菌密切相关，并且是与多种风险因素相关的一个协同因素，这些风险因素包括T细胞抑制、皮脂水平升高以及替代补体途径的激活。治疗的目标是控制症状，强调保持患者坚持治疗以实现低复发率的重要性。可用的治疗方法包括皮质类固醇、抗真菌剂、免疫调节剂和药用角质剥脱洗发水。虽然皮质类固醇与复发有关，但有时可能会建议与抗真菌剂联合使用。抗真菌治疗被视为主要治疗方法，但由于某些药物具有良好的药代动力学特征、高吸收率、抗炎和止痒特性以及赋形剂，因此有些药物比其他药物更有效。
