Heyn Elke, Damme Klaus, Bergmann Shana, Remy Felix, Küster Yvonne, Erhard Michael
Lehrstuhl für Tierschutz, Verhaltenskunde, Tierhygiene und Tierhal- tung, Veterinärwissenschaftliches Department, Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2009 Jul-Aug;122(7-8):292-301.
At present in Germany Peking ducks in commercial housing are on ground with litter and nipple drinkers only and there is no access to open water. With this study we investigated if open water drinkers can affect behaviour and health of ducks positively. In this investigation ten fattening trials with 11 424 ducks, kept with straw, were analyzed. 25% of the compartment (32 m2) were covered with perforated grid, with one of the tested water systems (Nipple drinker, Sparkcup, Shower, Hollow and Round drinker and modified Round drinker) installed. Besides parts of the behaviour of ducks, animal health and hygiene and also economic factors were taken into account. In contrast to pens with nipple-drinkers only, the ducks in pens with open water troughs/showers had the opportunity to exhibit their natural drinking behaviour and water associated activities, such as straining and preening the plumage with water in accordance with the animal welfare requirements. In the free-choice pens, the open water systems were significantly preferred, and over a 24-hour period, the ducks in watering areas with open water troughs showed higher activity. Limiting the access to the open water systems (4, 6 and 8 hours) led to more intense use per time unit. Ducks with access to nipple drinkers only showed a significantly higher percentage of plugged up nostrils than animals from pens with open water drinkers (p < or = 0.05). Open water drinkers also had a positive impact on the plumage condition.The open water drinking systems were very well accepted by the animals and are, concerning behaviour and animal health, an improvement in housing systems of Peking ducks.
目前在德国，商业养殖舍中的北京鸭仅饲养在有垫料的地面上，配备乳头式饮水器，没有开放水域。通过本研究，我们调查了开放水域饮水器是否能对鸭子的行为和健康产生积极影响。在这项调查中，分析了10次育肥试验，涉及11424只饲养在稻草上的鸭子。25%的隔间（32平方米）覆盖有穿孔格栅，并安装了一种测试水系统（乳头式饮水器、火花杯、淋浴器、空心和圆形饮水器以及改良圆形饮水器）。除了鸭子的部分行为外，还考虑了动物健康与卫生以及经济因素。与仅配备乳头式饮水器的鸭舍相比，配备开放水槽/淋浴器的鸭舍中的鸭子有机会展现其自然饮水行为以及与水相关的活动，例如按照动物福利要求用水梳理和整理羽毛。在自由选择的鸭舍中，开放水系统明显更受青睐，并且在24小时内，有开放水槽的饮水区域中的鸭子活动量更高。限制开放水系统的使用时间（4、6和8小时）导致单位时间内使用更为频繁。仅使用乳头式饮水器的鸭子鼻孔堵塞的比例明显高于有开放水域饮水器的鸭舍中的鸭子（p≤0.05）。开放水域饮水器对羽毛状况也有积极影响。开放水域饮水系统很受鸭子欢迎，并且在行为和动物健康方面，是北京鸭养殖系统的一种改进。
