Geuna Stefano, Raimondo Stefania, Ronchi Giulia, Di Scipio Federica, Tos Pierluigi, Czaja Krzysztof, Fornaro Michele
Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga School of Medicine, University of Turin, Turin 10043, Italy.
Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009;87:27-46. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7742(09)87003-7.
Peripheral nerves are complex organs that can be found throughout the body reaching almost all tissues and organs to provide motor and/or sensory innervation. A parenchyma (the noble component made by the nerve fibers, i.e., axons and Schwann cells) and a stroma (the scaffold made of various connective elements) can be recognized. Although morphological analysis is the most common approach for studying peripheral nerve regeneration, researchers are not always aware of several histological peculiarities of these organs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe, at a structural and ultrastructural level, the main features of the parenchyma and the stroma of the normal undamaged nerve as well as the most important morphological changes that occur after nerve damage and during posttraumatic nerve regeneration. The paper is aimed at providing the reader with the basic framework information on nerve morphology. This would enable the correct interpretation of morphological data obtained by many experimental studies on peripheral nerve repair and regeneration such as those outlined in several other papers included in this special issue of the International Review of Neurobiology.
周围神经是复杂的器官，遍布全身，几乎到达所有组织和器官，以提供运动和/或感觉神经支配。可以识别出实质（由神经纤维即轴突和施万细胞构成的主要成分）和间质（由各种结缔组织成分构成的支架）。尽管形态学分析是研究周围神经再生最常用的方法，但研究人员并非总能意识到这些器官的一些组织学特性。因此，本综述的目的是在结构和超微结构水平上描述正常未受损神经的实质和间质的主要特征，以及神经损伤后和创伤后神经再生过程中发生的最重要的形态学变化。本文旨在为读者提供神经形态学的基本框架信息。这将有助于正确解释通过许多关于周围神经修复和再生的实验研究获得的形态学数据，例如本期《国际神经生物学评论》特刊中其他几篇论文所概述的那些研究。
